National Westminster Bank Essay

Q1. Break down the client contact process during the record opening methodology. What parts of the branch’s activity sway on each stage? From dissecting the branch’s activity it is obvious to see which parts of the banks activity impacts each phase of the record opening system. Initially the client shows up into the bank, for the most part clients go to the clerks segment, they are then alluded over to the enquiries counter, where they are welcomed by enquiry work force who discover which of the banks administration the client requires. On the off chance that the client wishes to open another record, an individual from the records staff comes to manage the record opening technique. It is the records staff who manages new clients. The records staff must to have a decent fundamental information on all the banks activities to have the option to prompt the new client which record is most appropriate for them. They should see whether the client wishes to put away cash or in the event that they wish to profit of the banks credit offices. The records staff would not have a top to bottom information on the ventures accessible to new clients so as a rule an individual from the speculation area is brought over to exhort the new client. Peruse more: Banker’s Draft Natwest For credit offices, the new client is alluded to the loaning area for preparing, as this activity is outside the record segment staff purview. When they account type has been set up, the â€Å"formalities† start (preparing of client subtleties). Records staff experience structures to guarantee that all key data has been assembled. This is likely the longest piece of the record opening system with the client as a great deal of subtleties should be handled. When all the subtleties have been accumulated by the records staff, the immediate client contact wraps up. Client subtleties are then passed onto the managerial area and the machine space to conclude the opening of another record and the paper printing (check books, log books, ATM cards and so on.) How the various activities interface upon the Records segment: Q2. How might you improve the procedure? When the bank distinguished their issues the set out an improvement plan. They key zones recognized for development were distinguished: > Signage > Inexperienced Staff > Limited staff for times of heavy traffic > Uneven progression of stroll in clients at top occasions From an ongoing review clients distinguished the accompanying issues: > Account opening structures were not appropriately clarified > Bank’s standard record pack was not conveyed to clients > Some clients stood by more than the standard 9 days to get check book and bank card > Customer individual subtleties were recorded inaccurately > Staff appeared to be uninterested in the clients needs > Customers wouldn’t prescribe the bank to other people The entirety of the above focuses were considered in the banks improvement plan. Right off the bat the signage issue was handled. This issue was plainly an issue when we visited the bank, see fig.1 It was apparent from this, that the enquiries work area wasn’t unmistakably observable or signposted. To dispense with the issue of new clients lining at the cashier’s work area (adding to line delays in the bank) new signage was situated around the bank plainly featuring where the new clients were to go. While it was unfeasible to move staff for all time from segment to area, records staff who are commonly youthful and junior individuals from staff could be briefly move around every one of the banks activities. This would add to their preparation information and empower them to offer increasingly specific guidance to clients. By doing this staff will become acquainted with every others occupations, they will turn out to be progressively positive about their work, giving the feeling of significance to the banks activity. This expands staff inspiration which diminishes fatigue as weariness prompts botches. To survey the general execution of staff’s preparing and progress, the bank could present ‘mystery shoppers’, an individual from staff from one more of the banks branches comes to open a record, experiences the entire technique and toward the end assesses the staffs execution, distinguishes zones for development and so forth. As it might have been, the clerks would go for their lunch, and it was the activity of the records segment to cover the clerk positions during lunch. This anyway was the busiest period for new clients wishing to open records. During the noon surge clients could feel they were been hurried, definitely bringing about slip-ups happening. To manage this issue, noon for the bank staff could be split all the more equally. Just a set measure of clerks go for lunch at any one time, these clerks don't take their lunch until the principal bunch returns, along these lines there is consistently someone covering the records area to manage new expected clients in the event that they show up during the noon time frame. To guarantee the records area were not over troubled by new clients during the noon time frame, an arrangement of ‘appointment only’ during the noon surge was set up. Along these lines the records area could without much of a stretch arrangement with stroll in clients in the mornings and evenings, and during noon they realized what number of clients to expect and invest the necessary energy required with every client opening a record. Along these lines the client feels more quiet and the records area staff don't feel under tension and surged, diminishing the measure of errors made. Clients felt that the record opening structures were not appropriately disclosed to them. This issue was handled by more staff preparing and the ‘mystery shopper’ additionally helped by giving criticism. This enables the lesser staff in preparing to decipher the structures better and be considerably more equipped for disclosing the structures to clients. As far as the bank’s standard record pack not been conveyed to clients, the bank set up an arrangement of having all the handouts close by so the individual from staff managing the new client could make up a bundle there and afterward to suit the clients needs. It was distinguished that a few clients stood by more than the standard 9 days to get their check books or ATM cards. This holding up period was improved by an all the more away from of correspondence set up between the records staff, organization staff and the machine room. This was additionally helped as now there were less errors and the records staff had more opportunity to process the structures during the day as the ‘by arrangement only’ and not covering the clerk positions completely during lunch had obviously opened up some additional time for them. To manage the issue of clients individual subtleties not been recorded appropriately, the client was approached to fill in a structure which obviously neat telling the best way to spell their name address and so on. When all the structures had been rounded out, it was exhorted that the chief gave an additional beware of the structures before they were sent for preparing. To help with the usage of this framework such an a Kanban framework could be set up, â€Å"In-Kanban†, â€Å"Out-Kanban† along these lines everything was completely finished before it was sent for preparing, and there would be no mistakes, on what was handled and what must be prepared. Likewise as a feature of this kanban framework to finish the last advance, endorsement by the supervisor must be marked on the structure. The issue of the clients feeling surged was understood when the records area were discharged from different obligations, for example, completely covering the clerks during lunch. In the event that the entirety of the above focuses are executed effectively, the bank will be in the groove again to a fruitful and complimentary verbal.

Economic Principles And Decision Making Bureau of Economic Research

Question: Examine about the Economic Principles And Decision Making for Bureau of Economic Research. Answer: Presentation This specific report has altogether tended to the monetary parts of market winning in the Australian economy with an away from of work advertise convention in life just as society. A reasonable depiction with respect to the market variety among the diverse application in regards to the procedure has been depicted in this specific report. Quantifiable conversation with respect to the general conventions considering the flexibly just as request has been produced in order to comprehend the financial determination. The parts of considering the relapse investigation have altogether tended to the general view of the market that has upgraded the intelligent motivation behind deciding the all out benefit. In this way, the definition of proceeding with the tasks has created through the idea in conveying the utilization of building up the structure of the market. Along these lines, the thought of passing judgment on the income of the Australian economy a negligible relapse examination has been discovered. For this situation the critical attributes are produced to evaluate the reasonability of the ostensible just as the genuine wages all together survey the interrelationship with the other economy that are communicating their reality for making sure about better methodology on the planet economy. Conversation upon customary flexibly and request The likelihood that expenses are penniless by one way or another on intrigue and flexibly is particularly old. Much sooner than the progression of speculative monetary angles, it was appreciated that a considerable flexibly would achieve a fall in cost and a huge intrigue would realize a climb in cost. A better than average course of action of money related theory turns around the light and estimation of this fundamental idea. Adam Smith perceived correctly among intrigue and need and described practical solicitation fundamentally as the sum that would be procured at a given expense. If the expense in the business part were over the standard expense for a given item, there would be irregular spurring powers to make this thing and set up it for offering to people in general, and the sum offered accessible to be bought would augment (Kennedy, et al., 2014). If the entirety going onto the business part was greater than the suitable intrigue, that is, the total evacuated the business division, the expense would fall. Similarly, if the expense in the business part were underneath the ordinary expense, there would be a diminished persuading power to make the thing and offered to the separate open so as to maintain a strategic distance from business for rotting, and if this were not actually the suitable intrigue, the expense would rise. A huge piece of the improvement of the speculation of intrigue and flexibly since Adam Smith can be seen as a light and elaboration of the fundamental principle that he explained. Limits and twists The accompanying genuine improvement in the speculation of intrigue and gracefully was the headway of intrigue and flexibly limits and curves, related fundamentally with the name of Alfred Marshall, regardless of the way that a Scottish money related pro, Fleming Jenkin, is normally credited with the essential arrangement of these thoughts. In its most clear structure the intrigue limit is a limit relating the sum mentioned to the expense of the product. The gracefully work correspondingly relates the sum provided to the expense. Exactly when simply these two factors are incorporated, the limits can be imparted as intrigue and gracefully twists in a two-dimensional graph, as in Diagram 1. The measure of the item mentioned or provided is estimated along the level center and the expense is estimated along the vertical turn. DD' is the intrigue twist; SS' is the gracefully twist. Graph 1 exhibits the most regular sorts of these twists. By virtue of enthusiasm, there is some worth OD at which nothing will be bought in any way shape or form. At a zero worth, a constrained sum OD' will be bought; this addresses the purpose of satiation. The gracefully twist is drawn so that there is some worth OS underneath which nothing will be offered or more, which, as the worth ascents, a greater sum will be provided (Austin, et al., 2014). For certain reasons it is invaluable to depict the intrigue and flexibly twists with respect to parameters, that is, a course of action of numbers that is sufficient to perceive each point on them. The least troublesome assumption is that of linearity, that is destined to be, that the intrigue and gracefully twists are straight lines. For this circumstance, the conditions may be created: (1) qd= d + edpd, (2) qs= s + esps, where qa is the sum mentioned, q3 is the sum provided, pd is the expense at which each sum is mentioned, and p3 is the expense at which each sum is provided. Each curve or limit would then be able to be portrayed by only two parameters. By virtue of intrigue, d gauges the perspectives that can be known as the parts of the intrigue and is equal to OD in Diagram 1; ed may be known as the absolute flexibility of intrigue, which in Diagram 1 is negative. It measures the incomparable change in the sum mentioned, which would come about due to a unit change in the expense. In Diagram 1 the inclination or the slant of the twist DD whenever is the inelasticity, l/ed. Correspondingly the parameter s, identical to OS in Diagram 1, is a proportion of the height or level of the flexibly. The parameter 1/es are the through and through adaptability of gracefully, which quantifies the modification in the sum provided for each unit change in the expense. Again, l/es address the slope of the curve SS. Adaptability The term adaptability was brought into fiscal examination by Alfred Marshall, the similitude being the flexibility of a spring. In an adaptable spring, a given addition in the weight applied produces a significant augmentation in the length of the spring; correspondingly, if either solicitation or flexibly is flexible, a given augmentation in the cost makes a sweeping addition in the sum mentioned or provided. Another name that might be given to this thought is responsiveness, the sum mentioned or provided being considered as responding essentially enthusiastically to a modification in the expense. Marshall himself didn't use the all out adaptability thought yet rather a thought of relative flexibility, described as the proportionate change in sum isolated by the proportionate change in the expense, or: (3) = dq/q dp It clearly did this since it is a dimensionless parameter, that is, a number that is free with respect to the general units as indicated by which the all out expense has been estimated. An intrigue or flexibly curve of steady relative flexibility would be a straight line on twofold logarithmic paper. There is no inspiration to accept without a doubt, regardless, that these limits will presumably be logarithmic than direct in through and through terms, and for certain reasons the incomparable thoughts are perfect. A logarithmic system has chosen straight solicitation twist with consistent relative adaptability, for event, would not meet either center point in Diagram 1, recommending that the expense would should be boundless before cutting off purchases for the most part and that at a zero worth an immense sum would be taken. This clearly is senseless. For all intents and purposes, multiple parameters are normally expected to portray solicitation and flexibly limits, yet there are onl y two or three issues in which the departure from linearity seems to have money related significance. Regardless, it is reasonable to expect that there are inescapable obstacles on extending the sum provided that can't be overwhelmed by a rising in esteem, with the goal that the gracefully twist will end up being less flexible at significant expenses, as in Diagram 1. It is possible similarly that a relative condition applies to ask for. The simplest condition that can be used to communicate this condition is a quadratic structure. The parity position of the plan of Diagram 1 is believed to be the point P, where the intrigue and gracefully twists meet, and where PN is the equalization cost and ON is the concordance sum. Any parity, regardless, must be viewed as an excellent occurrence of a powerful structure, and for this circumstance, there are no under two unmistakable component systems that have this reason for congruity. The at first, related particularly with Adam Smith and Alfred Marshall, is that where the qualification between the intrigue cost and the gracefully esteem, inciting changes in sum provided, is the essential prodding segment of the dynamic system. The intrigue cost of a given sum is that cost at which the sum can be sold in the business division; along these lines a point on the intrigue twist, for instance, D1, shows that the sum OQ1 can be sold at the worth Q1P1 . The gracefully cost is the worth that will call forward a particular sum. Accordingly, if S1 is a point on the gracefully twist, Q1S1 is the worth that could call forward a whole OQ1. If then the sum coming to showcase is OQ1, when the intrigue cost is in bounty of the gracefully cost by an entirety D1S1, this infers the genuine and veritable expense got by the merchants, Q1D1, is more unmistakable than the worth that would convince them to convey the sum included, Q1S1. They are thus tolerating over the top returns, and the assumption is that this will motivate them to become the sum offered accessible to be bought, as appeared by the jolt Al. Along these lines, if the sum proceeding the business part is OQ2, which is greater than the congruity sum ON, the premium worth, which is the genuine worth got, will be underneath the flexibly esteem; the providers will get not actually is critical to persuade them to put this sum accessible, and the total coming to market will diminish. In the conditions of Diagram 1 clearly P is a consistent equalization, for if the sum is underneath ON it will increase; if it is above ON it will diminish. Th

Removal of junk foods from vending machines Research Paper

Expulsion of low quality nourishments from candy machines - Research Paper Example This paper intends to talk about concerns identified with the shoddy nourishment being conveyed with the guide of candy machines. Numerous individuals discover these low quality nourishment stuff like pizza, burger and french-fries more delicious and simpler to eat than the customary supper. They are getting more popularity, particularly with kids from school ages as they effectively get fantasized by the appearance and taste of these lousy nourishment things and begin dodging the solid food to get a portion of the low quality nourishment. The majority of the schools and universities have lousy nourishment things in their cafeteria and candy machines that permit understudies to pick between the home-prepared food and low quality nourishment. The candy machines are confined to schools and universities, however now they can be found at shopping centers and films, where individuals can't carry any eatables or water alongside them and in this way, they are not left with any choice yet to devour shoddy nourishment just (JimB, 2011). To me, this is another of the unfortunate propensities that individuals have received, without acknowledging what value they may need to pay for it. In this manner, my conclusion is this new pattern of expanded utilization of lousy nourishments as opposed to wholesome food things, and soda pops rather than water ought to be debilitated, as it positively adversy affects one’s life, both genuinely and socially. ... evealed that heart ailments as well as absence of vitality, gloom, and bringing down of one’s I.Q are a portion of the unfriendly impacts brought about by expending high measure of shoddy nourishments in the day by day lives (JimB, 2011). Additionally, sodas that are presently for the most part some portion of each day’s feast can impact one’s wellbeing seriously because of the high extent of carbonated soft drink in them that mollifies the tooth polish bit by bit and could bring about inward tooth harm over the time of customary utilization (Keefer, 2011). This, yet the inexpensive food pattern has likewise dispensed with the component of eating together all things considered. A family having increasingly home-prepared food normally sits together and shares their day’s experience and different things on the supper table, however as these shoddy nourishments have disposed of the need of sitting and eating, the custom of a consolidated feast has likewise be gun to blur. The legislature should consider this to be as an issue of concern, and should concoct measures to diminish utilization of low quality nourishments. One thing that should be possible in such manner is to expel these shoddy nourishment things from the candy machines. This could bring about a significant decrement in the schools and films income in any case, for people’s wellbeing it isn't something which is an excessive amount to request. A training did by the California High Schools to expel low quality nourishment things from schools’ bottles, brought about bringing down of the calorie admission of their schools understudies in contrast with other state understudies (O'Connor, 2012). This clarifies other than simply the potato chips, there are a few other low quality nourishments too that individuals devour day by day from the candy machines, subsequently adding a critical add up to their fat and calories levels. Another drawback of this is serving shoddy nourishments to class kids

Indirect Message Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Roundabout Message - Essay Example This implies all the supervisors are right now bustling appended to individual working project. It is with these reasons that we wish to educate you that we won't be in a situation to take part in the rebuilding of the verifiable territory of Miramar. Thusly, a portion of our activities will be incapacitated since we just have the negligible number of the upper-level chiefs starting at now. Strikingly, reclamation of the said chronicled zone would require somebody with upper-level administration experience who can give initiative and direct open relationship exercises. Thinking about this, great notoriety, and present and previous tasks of SCORE comparable to restoration programs, they come enthusiastically prescribed to assume control over the activity. We, along these lines, certainly imagine that you can contact SCORE for more help. In any case, it is additionally significant that you note that Kellstrom Industries can't overlook the organization and affiliation that we have delighted in previously, and further, we despite everything search forward for more coordinated effort in the

Promoting Exports Encouraging National Culture

Question: Portray about the Promoting Exports Of Wool And Woolen Commodities While Encouraging National Culture. Answer: Task Description Australia is perhaps the biggest maker of premium nature of fine fleece by esteem and the volume over the globe. In the assessment of Kim (2012), the nation created practically 25% of oily fleece for selling in the worldwide market. It has been theorized that fleece is the second most traded rural results of the nation that makes up 11% of the absolute fares of the ranch items (www.wool.com, 2016). In spite of the fact that having an extraordinary exchanging figure the material business of the picked nation is as yet immature (Julian, 2013). The absence of advancement of this fragment has been routed to improve the interest for woolen items. The conversation with respect to the setting prompts a point for surveying the hugeness of sending out the fleece and the woolen wares to support the national culture of the nation. In this manner, recognizing the elements would empower the fare exercises of Australia to build up an unmistakable universal market of woolen items. Criticalness In the contemporary of the sending out products, improvement of national culture has become an imperative angle for all the trading associations. The worldwide fare models help to distinguish the distinctive product offerings of the particular nation and the differentiated culture of this particular network. By and by the issue is that the absence of productivity and security is seen while giving a reasonable scope of items. This sort of carelessness in foundation makes the simple gracefully of the crude materials while producing the completed material for sending out. This likewise makes a colossal negative effect on the net revenue of the firm. The issue has gotten significantly progressively basic with the developing rivalry in the fare business. Subsequently, the investigation endeavors to build the trading movement of fleece and the woolen products which can likewise be added to improving the national culture of the nation. The exploration discoveries could assist with tending t o the present circumstance to improve the sending out activities. The exploration additionally assesses that the nation has delighted in a great deal as a significant maker of fleece and this is the prime motivation to improve the fare relationship. Research question(s) The investigation expects to advance the fare of fleece and the woolen items to empower the national culture of Australia. In this specific situation, the exploration would endeavor to research the ebb and flow send out situation of Australian woolen items and would give an appropriate methodology so as to propel the future trading exercises. Research destinations: The examination goals are introduced beneath: To examine the present situation of the Australian woolen industry and the woolen products trade situation To decide the commitment of trading fleece and woolen items to empower the national culture of Australia To distinguish the elements that empower the fare exercises of the Australian woolen products To prescribe reasonable systems to propel the fleece sending out exercises in Australia Research Question: The examination questions are expressed beneath: What are the present situation of the Australian woolen industry and the woolen products send out situation? How the commitment of sending out fleece and woolen wares can be useful to support the national culture of Australia? Which variables can energize the fare exercises of the Australian woolen items? What can be the appropriate procedures to propel the fleece trading exercises in Australia? Writing survey Australian fleece industry and its fare situation: Over 95% of the fleece created in Australia is traded. The experts demonstrate that the local utilization of fleece in Australia is amazingly lesser (Swan et al. 2008). In the expressions of Waschik Fraser (2007), the Australian economy is firmly subject to the fare situation of Wool, as the Australian fares are fundamentally devoured by the worldwide districts. The market intensity of the Australian fleece industry has been found similarly higher than different nations. Be that as it may, Preston et al. (2016) expressed that the gauge of fleece creation guage that in the FY 2016-2017, at least 1.5% fall would be experienced by the Australian economy with respect to its fare situation. It has likewise been seen that the fleece sends out were worth 2 billion to Aistraluiaand Approximatrly a measure of $600 million to Victoria in the FY 2008 2009. In the later stage the fare esteem was expanded and fundamentally affected on its general national economy. Inside and out, 28 of the 39 nations used to import Australian fleece regarding scourd and carbonized wood. Surmising can be drawn from the past attestations that the Australian Export exercises are prospered with the progressing period of time, subsequently, the locale is focusing to tap on the creating areas like India and China. In spite of the fact that the projection shows a decrease in the fare situation, the Australian Eastern market Indicator has been expanded by 3.4% in the March 2015 (www.abs.gov.au, 2016). In the expressions of Preston et al. (2016), the fleece trade fall by - 9% in the FY 2015-2016, this has influenced the general economy of Australia. In any case, the fare force stayed higher till now interestingly with different areas. The Australian fleece trade esteem has become 19 microns, and the creation of better fleece has been expanded over the time. Over 80% of the fare goes to China, which was just 12% in the FY 1991-1992 (www.abs.gov.au, 2016). The variables affecting the fleece fares of Australia: Help and motivators offered by the legislature: The Australian government is empowering the foundation of the fleece handling plants in various urban communities. The administration accepts that the on-going condemnations and helps could be coordinated towards the organizations procedure and makes the fleece item. It has been recognized that the administration mediation is identified with deal with the cost that is expanding the creation of the woolen materials. The outstanding commitments have been offered by the Federal government to shield the manifestations from the atmosphere changes. Waschik Fraser (2007) likewise expressed that the legislature is all around put to help the assembling ventures through water gracefully and different ways to deal with the vitality protection too. The advancement of advances has additionally affected the creation of fleece in the Australia. National culture: Cultivating in Australia has been created from the history. It was started in the year 1788, at Farm Cove, the site of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney. The changing idea of the ranchers has likewise essentially added to the development of the fleece business. Thinking about the measurable information of 2010, in excess of 77,000 understudies were taken a crack at the farming and natural related examinations, meaning to build up the material or woolen business (www.abs.gov.au, 2016). Along these lines, the national culture has altogether advanced the fleece creation and fare situation of Australia. Empowering the national culture through the fares of fleece and woolen products: The administration continues supporting the nearby networks to deliver woolen items to build the fare situation. In any case, Julian (2013) contended that the end of the Wool save value plot in 1991, influenced the general creation of fleece in Australia. In the long run, the national economy gets influenced also. Additionally, the fare of oily fleece and the general import of the completed items are as yet a developing worry for the Australian culture. As indicated by Waschik Fraser (2007), the Australian exchange and culture are interlinked with respect to feelings and other cultural qualities. The methodology of the fleece exchange is creative and culture-driven. It has been distinguished that the Australian culture embodies the procedure that will be led in the global organizations. Alongside the national culture, the administration guideline and other administrative angles are blended to improve the fare situation. In any case, Salim Islam (2010) expressed that the more notewort hy tax collection and decreased government intercessions are influencing the development of the fleece creation in Australia. The determined report in the FY 2015 likewise shows that the fleece creation will decrease by 4.3% to 332 kg. It mirrored a sharp fall of 3.7% in the shorn sheep numbers and proceeded with a high mood killer on the income development too (www.wool.com, 2016). Suggestions to improve the present fare situation: The measurable information shows that Australian fleece exchanging is significantly centered around the India and China. Then again, the Chinese and other Asian advertisers are catching the European and US fleece showcase continuously, while Australia is neglecting to accomplish the US advertisers to a critical degree (Wiedemann et al. 2016). Hence, the administration needs to organize to the operational program nonexclusive improvement of sheep. The Sheep and Wool warning board of trustees likewise need to utilize a review procedure to adjust the assignment of assets inside that operational program. The predominance of China in the oily fleece fare can be moderated and caught by Australia, through the rebuilding of a portion of the fleece brushing plans. The administration likewise needs to improve the monetary help of the maker. In the long run, the creation and the fare proportion of fleeces can be improved. Approach on auxiliary information India's fleece imports from Australia developing at 17%, distributed by Business Standards, June 26, 2007: Australian has been distinguished as one of the developing fleece sending out districts in the worldwide setting. The columnist in the current article has clarified that the Australian Forex (Foreign Exchange) offices trust India to be the most potential districts for sending out the woolen wares. The article connotes that India has a potential edge of manufactu

African American rapper - Free Essay Example

The Rose That Grew From Concrete Tupac Shakur was a black African American rapper who lived his life with poverty, violence and drugs. Tupac Shakur was born in New York City. His parents had separated before he was born, and his mother moved him and his sister around the country for much of their childhood. Frequently, the family was at the poverty level, but Shakur managed to gain acceptance to the prestigious Baltimore School of the Arts as a teenager. While he was at the school, his creative side flourished, as he began writing raps and acting. All his poetry relies on vivid imagery and violent language to create a very realistic picture of how terrible life can be living in the ghettos of America. Tupac Shakur was a poet, an actor, and the voice of a generation. He was able to make movies and videos, write and record music, and still found time to write remarkable poetry before his untimely death. In one of his poems, â€Å"The Rose That Grew from Concrete, Tupac’s theme statement is â€Å"people surrounded by trouble and failure can still live and succeed†. This is almost an exact reflection of struggle for success. People who come from broken homes, troubled youth, failed pasts or other tough backgrounds still can succeed and make something beautiful of their life. â€Å"The Rose That Grew from Concrete† is not really about a rose that grew from the concrete. The rose is a simile which symbolizes a man and the concrete symbolizes the ghetto. Tupac is that rose who borned in an urban area. A rose would never grow from concrete and by this he means to say that it is really hard to survive the hard life of the ghetto and make something out of yourself. The second line â€Å"proving nature’s laws wrong it learned 2 walk without having feet† means that the person has made something out of himself. This line conveys a personal struggle between him and success. Nature’s law† is a metaphor for people, whic h mean that no one expected the man to survive and can make something out of himself. From â€Å"The Rose That Grew from Concrete† the rose defied the odds and proven itself to the world all by itself. In the third line, â€Å"Funny it seems but by keeping its dreams it learned 2 breathe fresh air† means that though it seems funny, but if someone tries their best to work towards their dream, they are bound to succeed. Here â€Å"fresh air† is a metaphor for â€Å"success†. In the last sentence Long lives the rose that grew from concrete when no one else even cared† means that though the people around him didn’t care about him, still he overcame his difficulties and managed to succeed. This poem and all of the other Tupac‘s poems are filled with Latinate diction. His informal use of simple words like 2 instead of to, create the idea of three things: it was his actual thoughts, writing poems came naturally for him, and it was his final co py the first time he wrote it. Tupac is a legend and perfected the ways to put his ideas down in ink through forms of poetry and lyrics. This poem â€Å"The Rose That Grew from Concrete† conveys a sense of balance through his use of parallelism, has a sense of flow by his use rhyme, and allows many different audiences to connect with his ideas by his use of informal word choice. These three writing devices let the audience in on Tupac’s personal life and let them see through the eyes of a poetic god. The message Tupac is trying to bring through this poem is to keep trying and focus on your dreams, don’t let anything get in the way.

What Is Literary Realism Definition and Examples of the Realism Genre in Literature

The realism art movement of the nineteenth century was a dramatic shift from the exotic and poetic Romanticism that dominated the art world in the decades prior. Literary realism, in particular, introduced a new way of writing and a new generation of authors whose influence can still be seen in American literature and English literature to this day.

The Color Purple and Gender Roles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 772 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category Literature Essay Tags: Gender Roles Essay The Color Purple Essay Did you like this example? The Color Purple is an African American staple piece of literature. The film released in 1985 directed by none other than Steven Spielberg won a Gold Globe for Best Actress: Whoopi Goldberg, Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing, NAACP Image Award for outstanding Motion Picture and earning $142 million box office sales. The author of the book The Color Purple Alice Walker won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1983. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Color Purple and Gender Roles" essay for you Create order Walker included topics of symbolism and realism in her work such as loyalty, strength, racism, marriage, happiness, love, sex, and rape just to name a few. These same topics of realism happening all over the world highlighted in Walkers writing were the same reasons for it being banned numerous times from its release in 1982 until present day. A topic that was depicted in both the book, the movie, and stage play of The Color Purple was gender roles. The idea of black woman in society and how men, black men in this case, dominated and oppressed women of color throughout their daily lives. The topic of rape, incest, arranged marriage; all were at the forefront of this literature. The topic of violence against women is heavily described as well as womens strength and authority to leave their abusive husband. This is seen in Sophia and Harpos relationship, where she has the moral authority to leave her husband who abuses her and takes her children to live with her sister. This book also challenges the topic of religion and God. Through the book there is a shift in the main characters view of God as a white man to God being more of a universal being. Celies emotions towards femininity and masculinity open up her emotions and attraction of women over men. Ceilie is afraid of men, they scare her and instill fear in her, so she av oids looking at them and doesnt feel attracted to them. Where as women are more friendly and able to reproduce the love and affection our main character Celie desires. So here we see topics of sexuality and non-heteronormativity. Before we can analyze why this book suffered its trials and tribulations of being accepted into American society. We must look at what was going on in this country up until this point. Ronald Reagan was elected two years prior and the Iraq War was in its early stages. Segregation was abolished a little over twenty years prior to The Color Purples release, although there was still inequality. Marginalized people across the country protested for equal rights along with the protest of the Vietnam War were the tone of the 70s and 80s. At the release of this book and the many controversies that revolved around its content. I almost wonder if the real problem lies within America not wanting to recognize a powerful African American piece of literature. This book has been challenged and banned from libraries and school reading list since its release up until 2014 for its subject matter. What troubles me the most is why we feel the need to restrict audiences from literature that touches on the truth in society. The book addresses the life of a woman in Georgia dealing with the day-to-day oppression of a man and her inner desires of love. This same woman uneducated, beaten, raped by someone who supposedly loved her but she doesnt share the same emotional connection with in her forced arrangement of a marriage. I feel that the challenges made against this book were solely unjust. In what ways can we be aware of past occurrences if they arent made available to us to analyze. During the most recent challenge of The Color Purple in 2014 the book was challenged due to complaints of obscenity, language, and sexuality when assigned to an Advanced Placement eleventh grade class. My question isnt that the sole purpose of being apart of an Advanced Placement course? To be able to analyze complex literature you may not have access to in regular courses. It seems to me that these children are being punished for their intelligence. The argument was that the pieces of the book that described, sex, violence and rape dont serve any literary value to the AP students. My question is who is to determine whether these real world experiences are of literary value? If these topics werent of some issue Alice Walker wouldnt have took the time to document the many adversities black women and women in general face. Although it is often the parents who are eager to censor their childs learning experiences from reality this parent was defeated and the color Purple remained in Bru nswick County, North Carolina.

Animal Totems and Guides - 672 Words

Animal Totems Guides Animal totems and guides may present for long or short periods of time and are directly connected to what is presenting your life and/or what lessons are meant for you now. Tune into whether or not the relationship with your animal totem is meant for a number of days or years. Let this powerful animal relationship lead you forward in terms of new knowledge or awareness about your core traits. Animal totems might be presenting to teach you through emotional aspects such as strength, patience, insecurity, fear, confidence or anger. In short, animal totems help us to learn about our ultimate truths in life. They may present in your meditative space and/or your dream space bringing much-needed lessons. It is also common that animal totems are a spiritual tool for you. I.e., when you see this animal it is your spiritual reminder to Ground. The time frame in which a particular animal totem is in your life directly correlates with how well you recognize, learn and then incorporate the knowl edge into your life. Be mindful that your animal totem/s (and we do have more than one) have chosen you! They will present when you are fully and completely ready to accept and realize the lessons in their coming. Most often, your animal totems are wild animals as opposed to domesticated. This is not always the case but often is. Use your gift of Claircognizance (clear knowing) to discern this. Your will know there is a higher knowing message for you when the animalShow MoreRelatedWhat I Learned About The Flute Was So Special1154 Words   |  5 Pagestell stories using animals as the main character. I made this assumption before even looking up the actual reasoning. I then found a quote from Sitting Bull explaining that â€Å"every seed is awakened and so is all animal life. It is through this mysterious power that we too have our being and we therefore yield to our animal neighbors the same right as ourselves, to inhabit this land†. Their thinking may include that because we are all connected , it is easy for us to relate to animals. It is also veryRead MoreSummary Of Sigmund Freuds Totem And Taboo1239 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book, Totem and Taboo by Sigmund Freud, Freud focuses on the commonly acknowledged cultural taboo against incest and studies how it structures primitive societies. He speculates on his concept of the Oedipal Complex and how it affects society as a whole. He wishes to establish a connection between the Oedipal Complex and the phenomenon of conscience, which involves the sense of a moral code governing our lives and our sense of guilt. In order to establish this connection, Freud discusses ambivalenceRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Shamanistic healers in Celtic and Native American Cultures1112 Words   |  5 PagesCeltics have always held a certain mystique that is worthy of great exploration. From animal spirit guides that aide in healing to the shamans that are often the â€Å"go-to† men of the Native American and Celtic communities , the shamanistic tradition of medicine is one that has been admired and practiced by many that do not share the same ethnicity as theses traditional healers. Although the use of animal spirit guides is often ridiculed, as are the sacred spiritual journeys and conversations that theseRead MoreAn Analysis Of Dominic Pettman s The World Of The Planet We Live1163 Words   |  5 Pagesit’s a human or an animal, have a significance behind where it comes from, where we get it from and what message it receives to another. In this case, to have a voice consist of what it’s used for and how it comes back to you in different reflections using sea and land animals and humans. To have a â€Å"voice† in the planet we live, it involves with imitation, body language, melancholy song with vocalization and similarities of the human species with the species of diverse animals and vice versa. DominicRead MoreWho s Really Control - Is Your Mind A Runaway Train? Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagesto run and play in; a wise guide, power/totem animal or angel can come and guide you, clear and recharge your energy body, a Master Healer to come and send powerful Reiki and Energy healing to your body or giving you a Healing Massage. BE OPEN: Be open to what may show up for you. Your Sacred Garden is a mystical and magical place where wonderful things can happen. GIVE GRATITUDE: End your session with gratitude for your Sacred Garden and all the plants, animals, guides, angels, etc. that showedRead MoreUnderstanding The Formation, Transmission, And Transformation Of Cultural Meaning Within Societies Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthe resources† and allowed their society to be both politically and economically stable, they were able to form complex clan structures and long lasting alliances (RRCAP 1.4 1996: 55). Cultural artifacts within the society range from elaborate animal totems that recounts and traces clan geologies and relations, to extensive oral traditions and ceremonies that recount historical exploits as well as laws and protocols that ensures cohesiveness within their confederacy of clans (RRCAP 1.4 1996: 56).Read MoreCharacteristics of African Religion1769 Words   |  8 Pagesarrival of the first missionaries in Natal. The name Modimo is today commonly used for god. In the traditional religious orientation of the Batswana , Madimo was never conceived as a person. Madimo was known as the beginning and the cause of human, animal and even world existence, but not as a human being and even less as a father. A Realm Of Spirits: There are Three categories in this feature: Ancestoral spirits : Nature Spirits Read MoreThe Massain and the Nuer Peoples of Africa1705 Words   |  7 Pagescattle. In fact, Tepilit states that his father even made the following comment when he neglected to properly watch over his father’s herd one day: â€Å"Woman, do not feed that dog, and tell him to stop the daybreak! He does not deserve the food of my animals if he cannot bring them all home safely† (Saitoti 19). Even though these appear to be harsh words, because the Maasai rely primarily on pastoralism, neglecting to properly attend to a herd is a serious offense. With respect to the Nuer, â€Å"Cattle areRead MoreThe Drum Beater By Karoo Ashevak1933 Words   |  8 Pagesis the belief in animism. Animism is the â€Å"belief that all plants, animals, and objects have spirits† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). The Inuit’s were firm believers in the importance of spirits. This is the reason why Inuit’s not only had great respect for animals, but especially for the one’s they hunted (The Inuit, 25). As a result, they were especially careful with the animals they hunted, because they believed that the animals gave themselves up for the better of the community. Their belief inRead MoreAborigines in Australia Essays2829 Words   |  12 Pagespractically depending on wild animals and plants for food, only equipped with the basic paraphernalia of graving tools, spear, boomerang, wooden shield, grindstones, among others, moving from one area to another in search for game food which made them semi-nomadic people. Comprising of some 500 tribes, their culture are linked by totemism, or affinity to an animal, plant or cosmical phenomena, with several tribes belonging to one totem but may have varied languages (Reidlinger

The Gratifying Qualities Of Sophocles Antigone - 1567 Words

Antigone Shanice Douglas Ms. Masterson English Honors II September 18, 2015 The gratifying qualities of Sophocles tragedians plays, establishes him as one of the most infamous playwrights in Greek history. His refreshingly realistic themes and contradictory characters remain the topic of conversations today. Sophocles’ unorthodox approach of a female character also set him aside from other renowned playwrights. In his play Antigone, audiences are still indecisive on who is the tragic hero; Antigone or Creon. City law versus natural law is the primary issue in Antigone, characters are conflicted with the choice of breaking the law in order to do what is right. The events that occur display Sophocles’s view on human behavior and teaches the audience an important lesson on decision making and the effects of unbridled pride. Creon who is too blinded by his power and pride to look past the surface and seek different solutions, blatantly disregards the needs of his city and family. His impulsive decisions are the elements that contribute to his f all from grace. Antigone’s headstrong personality is admirable, because she breaks Creon’s decree in order to follow her beliefs. Creon deemed Polyneices, Antigone s brother an unhonorable fighter and retracts his natural right to be buried. Antigone did not fear the consequences when she buried her brother, she stood by her decision because she knows the God’s are the ultimate power. Sophocles play Antigone shows the truth of

Industrial Revolution in Victorian England - 3817 Words

The Industrial Revolution in Victorian England was a period of time in history when new inventions and technology changed the way people lived and worked. It impacted how they communicated, the way products were manufactured, and created new forms of cheaper and faster transportation. Innovations resulted in changes that were previously unheard of. The invention of the steam engine revolutionized the way people and things were transported. Manufacturers were able to ship their goods more quickly by rail and reduce their expenses. Railroads allowed people to travel faster and farther than in the past. The Industrial Revolution created new sources of employment, with mills and factories attracting labor from farms to cities (Victorian†¦show more content†¦Another type of housing built near factories were tenement homes, which consisted of multiple row houses stacked on top of each other (Wroble 6). People lived in row houses and tenements because they were cheap and cl ose to work. When the next day at the mill came, a whistle woke the workers at five AM for a 12 hour work day (Wroble 21). â€Å"Inventions just made up one thread of life in Victorian times, but they were a distinctly colorful one† (Van Dulken 2). With the growth of factories and population, new inventions started to spring up all over England and the United States. Regardless of their country of origin, inventions had an impact on the whole world. People were looking for ways to improve the quality of their lives, and for tools to make work more efficient and productive. When the number of new inventions started to skyrocket, the patent system was created to protect people’s ideas from being copied or stolen. A patent was a document that could be acquired, which would grant protection from other people trying to steal the preserved ideas and intellectual property and claim them as ones own. When a patent was acquired it gave the person to whom it was granted the rights to manufacture products that used the invention. No other people could make a similar product and try to call it their own. If a person was found toShow MoreRelatedSimilarities and Differences Between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period.1210 Words   |  5 PagesAge and the Victorian Period. Similarities and Differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period What were the similarities and differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period? The Romantic Age and Victorian Period had many similarities, but they had far more differences. They first differed in rule: the Romantic Age didn’t have a king or queen, but the Victorian Period did. They were similar and different in writing styles, and beliefs. The Industrial Revolution also had anRead MoreThe Romantic Age vs. The Victorian Period Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe Romantic Age and Victorian Period had many similarities, but they had just as many or more differences. They first differed in rule; the Romantic Age didnt have a king or queen, but they did during the Victorian Period. They were similar and different in writing styles, and beliefs. The Industrial Revolution also had a huge effect on both time periods. The Romantic Period was from 1784 until 1832, it brought a more brave, individual, and imaginative approach to both literature and life. DuringRead MoreThe Great Expectations Of The Industrial Revolution1528 Words   |  7 PagesIn 19th Century England, children of lower class were to work long hours in factories, warehouses, and coal mines for low wages and little food. They also were considered by most societies to be property of their parents. Children had little protection from governments who viewed them as having little to no civil rights outside of their parents wishes, and Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations helps bring some of these conditions to light. The times of the Industrial Revolution were the root ofRead More Child Labor and England’s Industrial Revolution Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesChild Labor and England’s Industrial Revolution    The Industrial Revolution in nineteenth-century England brought about many changes in British society. It was the advent of faster means of production, growing wealth for the Nation and a surplus of new jobs for thousands of people living in poverty. Cities were growing too fast to adequately house the numerous people pouring in, thus leading to squalid living conditions, increased filth and disease, and the families reliance upon their childrenRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Cry Of Children912 Words   |  4 Pages The Cry of the Children by Elizabeth Barrett Browning is one of the finest examples of Victorian Poetry dealing with the industrial revolution and its effects on the people of England in 19th century. In this paper we will be analyzing this poem with a Marxist approach by looking at the historical facts and going over the poem line by line. Elizabeth Browning was born on March 6, 1806 in England and died on June 29, 1861 in Italy. Her early life as a teenage girl was very interestingRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of The Victorian Era1715 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout history, many time periods have been similar and different from each other. People from each time period decide what they want to continue incorporating and what they would like to disregard. The Victorian Era was brought about upon to show rebellion from the Romantic period. The Victorian Era is a reaction against the Romantic Period due to differences in terms of historical influences, effects of science, crises of faith, and women’s desire for change. The Romantic Period’s history startedRead MoreEssay about Women In The Industrial Revolution1202 Words   |  5 PagesWomens Work in the Industrial Revolution The industrial revolution swept through Europe and North America during the 19th century, affecting the class structure, economy, government, and even the religious practices of everyone who lived in or did commerce with these new industrialized nations. It made the modern age possible, but it was not without its growing pains. The position of women before the industrial revolution was often equivalent to chattel, and then as now, they were expectedRead MoreThe Victorian Era810 Words   |  3 PagesSiedell said, â€Å"In such a society as the Victorians’, when public society is so stifling, steam is naturally going to be driven underground.† The reform of the Victorian era, a time in England of refinement and high decorum surrounding the years of Queen Victoria’s reign, did not produce revolution but the opposite: stagnation. And so at this time in England there were ingredients present to create a real revolution and bring a dismantling of the Victorian spi rit, but they were underground and silentRead MoreVictorian and Edwardian Advertising 798 Words   |  3 Pagescentury, Victorian and Edwardian Britain left a big impact on the advertising industry, in where the advertising developed and increased dramatically ever since. The Victorian and Edwardian Britain reflected the social and economic changes in that era in term of the advertising method, the types of products advertised and the expansion of the advertising industry. Historical background of Victorian and Edwardian Britain The Victorian Era was the period of Queen Victorian’s reign in England from 1837Read MoreEssay about Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Romantic era and was entering the era of the industrial revolution. New inventions in technology were changing the world and science such as biology and astronomy were challenging long held beliefs of the church and by the church. The church which was going through trials of its own with the Church of England splitting into the low, broad, and high churches (Unknown). In Dover Beach, Matthew Arnold writes of Religion and the Industrial Revolution and how they affected the human condition at the

Traditional Financial Reporting Historical Cost Principle

Question: Discuss about theTraditional Financial Reportingfor Historical Cost Principle. Answer: Introduction Traditional Financial Reporting by business is a mean by which statements are produced with an aim of disclosing the organization`s financial status to its shareholders or to all the interested parties. However the manner and form in which these financial reporting is done has been subjected to severe criticism by various analyst. In their view which has come to be appreciated, they intimate that the traditional financial reporting system is marred with a number of limitations which makes it inappropriate to give precise insight concerning the performance of the organization and hence cannot be fully relied upon and thus the need to come up with more enhance way of reporting such as cost and management accounting. In addition, companies using traditional financial reporting system have for many years been dwelling on reporting economic status in total disregard of environmental and social effects caused by their operations. Below is analysis of some of the criticism of traditional fi nancial reporting, some of the theories that supports the corporate sustainability reporting and the cost and benefit associated by the same. Criticism of Traditional Reporting Firstly, Historical cost principle has been used widely in financial accounting where transaction is recorded at the cost of transaction at the time the transaction takes place. This information does not tell accurately about day to day cost and expenses and therefore make its difficult to predict about the future status of the firm. Thus the information presented cannot be relied upon by the decision makers and its relevance keeps waning over time. It is therefore argued that the current cost information should be reported parallel with historical cost information.Secondly,impact of non-economic of financial factors are highly disregarded, this are factors which impact on the financial outlook of the firm but they are not included as part of these statements since they are not measurable in monetary terms. Some of these factors are co-operation of the employees, creditworthiness of concern and the reputation of the management. Thirdly, the statements does not give the ultimate pictu re of the business, the data provided in this case is just an approximate and the actual value of the business can only be known when it is liquidated. This makes the financial statements just but an interim reports.Fourthly,the traditional financial reporting do not give the actual position ,here there are certain assets in the balance sheet such as goodwill which, in case the business is wound up will not bring in any monetary effect into the business yet it is included in the balance sheet.This can lead to making wrong inferences because what the statement represent is not the actual position of the fimr or business. Theories of Corporate Sustainability Reporting They are several theories that tries to affirm the importance of corporate sustainability reporting (CSR).Among them are (1)Legitimacy theory -in their interpretation,Deegan and Unerman (2011) intimates that the theory is build on tne idea that there exist a social contract that binds the firm and the society in which that particular firm operates. Thus companies and corporations try to make their companies operation acceptable by the society through involving themselves in CSR reporting and hence ensure the organization`s going concern. Deegan (2002), argues that the contract is mainly composed of the expectation of the society regarding how the firm should conduct itself. O'Donovan (2002) in his view argues that the theory has its genesis from the notion that for the corporation to successfully operate in a society, it must act within the confines of what that particular society considers as socially acceptable and responsible behaviour.I n his word,Waddock et al. (2002) provides t hat depending on the employees attitude regarding how the firm carries out its responsibilities, the employee makes the decision whether or not to work for the particular organization or not. Thus, presentation of non- information (sustainability information) can play a vital role in placing a firm as a preferred employer and hence enhancing the firm`s is able to lure high quality staff. Margolis and Walsh (2003) claim that there is a direct relationship between discretionary disclosure of CSR performance and the financial performance and therefore such disclosure can promote corporate performance. Roberts (1992) provides that it is in pursuit of capital and increasing the shareholders value that the firm find it paramount to make CSR disclosure.Bayoud et al. (2012) in his confirmation states that the disclosure of CRS is indeed tagged to the corporate reputation for stakeholders..(2)Stakeholder theory. This theory states that the firm should not only concentrate on the interest of shareholders but also for the entire stakeholders which are in one way or another affected by the operations and achievements of the organization(Freeman,1984).The stakeholder theory concentrates on the critical analysis on all parties to whom the firm should be responsible. Boatright (2003) stated that firms should be operated in a manner that benefits all of the stakeholders of the firm. Just as shareholders invest their cash in the firm, customers invest their trust and confidence and employees invest their knowledge and time (Graves et al., 2001).As a result, Wicks et al. (2004) it is therefore important for firms to consider the aftermath of their actions on the all the interested stakeholders. Wearing (2005) in his view, the theory emphasis the significance of all the concerned group upon which the operations of the firm impact. According to (Deegan, 2013) stakeholders theory can be explained in terms of ethical and managerial branches. In terms of managerial, its intimates th at the firm or organization will be highly responsive to those stakeholders that will have great economic impact to the firm (O'Dwyer, 2003) or those not actively engaged in the firm`s income generating activities but can influence it in one way or the other (Savage et al., 1991). The ethical facet provides that all stakeholders are entitled to know the effect the firm`s operation have upon the environment and the society as a whole (Deegan, 2013). Cost and Benefit of Corporate Sustainability Reporting However they are cost and benefit associated with corporate sustainability reporting. The cost will highly depend on the industry in which the firm operates, the size of the organization and the time spent by the organization i.e. collection of data, conducting training, writing reports etc.Among the benefits associated with the reporting of corporate sustainability. First and foremost there can be increased trust by being open in non-financial performance hence boosting the image of the company. The competitive advantage of the company over the rest is likely to rise to the confidence the investor will develop towards the company in terms of i.e. negotiating contracts. Conclusion From the above, it is clear that company need to use enhanced ways of reporting their financial information in a manner that will reflect the authentic financial status of their companies. For instance, using historical cost in reporting should be abandoned for a more realistic ways like using current cost information. Reporting of financial information should be more inclusive in that it should include environmental and social aspects. The contribution of the firm to the welfare of the immediate society should be well spelt out in the reporting, this will ensure that the society creates the awareness of its legitimacy and its reason for its continued existence References Boatright, R., 2003. Ethics and the conduct of business. New York:Pearson Education International. Bayoud N. S., Kavanagh M., and Slaughter G., 2012. Factors influencing levels of corporate social responsibility disclosure by Libyan firms: A mixed study. International Journal of Economics and Finance. Deegan, C., and Unerman, J., 2011. Financial accounting theory. Sydney: McGraw-Hill. Freeman, R. Edward.1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Perspective Boston: Pitman Publishing. .O?Dwyer, B., 2003. Conceptions of corporate social responsibility: The nature of managerial Capture. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 16(4), 523-557 Roberts, R. W., 1992. Determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure: An application of stakeholder theory. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 17(6), 595-612. Ross, S. A., 1977. The determination of financial structure: The incentive signaling Approach, Bell Journal of Economics, 8(1), 23 40 O?Donovan, G., 2002. Environmental disclosures in the annual report: Extending the applicability and predictive power of legitimacy theory. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 15(3), 344371. Savage, G.T., Nix, T.W., Whitehead, C.J., and Blair, J.D., 1991. Strategies for assessing and managing organizational stakeholders.Academyof Management Executive, 5(2), 61-75. Waddock, S., Bodwell, C. and Graves, S., 2002. Responsibility: The new business imperative. Academy of Management Executive. Wicks, A. C., Freeman, R. E., and Parmar. B., 2004. Stakeholder theory andthe corporate objective revisited. Organization Science, 15(3), 36-369

100 Years of Solitude - Ursula free essay sample

She unflinchingly goes on after the deterioration and death of her husband. She displays profound amounts of fortitude and perseverance. Ursula alone permitted the longevity of the Buendia family. Ursula prevented chaos by taking charge when needed most. Before the decline of her husband, Ursula did not appear as the superwomen that she eventually became. Marquez had the reader believe that she was merely the wife of Jose Arcadio Buendia. But Ursula first shines when her husband was distraught with curiosity, leaving Macondo when she powerfully scolded him, â€Å"If I have to die for [you] to stay here, I will die† (14).This event at the beginning of the novel proves that Ursula is not one to be tussled with; she is smart and not afraid to speak her mind, even if it takes shouting at her stubborn husband. This proves that Ursula is not simply a stock character created to support Jose, but rather a powerful woman who eventually proves to be far more influential than her husband. We will write a custom essay sample on 100 Years of Solitude Ursula or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In light of Jose Arcadio Buendia’s strange antics, Ursula was still more than capable of achieving great things. Ursula was the one who was able to find the route out of Macondo, which her husband hadn’t been able to discover.She was also capable of setting up a successful candy business while her husband was not providing for the family. In addition she was also able to raise her children in conjunction with creating her own new frontiers. This showed that she could effectively function as both the mother and the patriarch of the family, while performing incredibly in both roles concurrently. Her ability to juggle parenting, financing, and her pursuit of her own goals is dumbfounding. Ursula is truly the quintessential ‘strong woman’. The true capacity of Ursula’s strength was revealed during the reign of Arcadio after the departure of Aureliano.Arcadio presents himself with great power and tyranny through enrolling school children in his army or subjecting the entire town of Macondo to his oppressive whims. Because of this domineering rule, the citizens were put in fear and weakened. When Arcadio was preparing the execution of Don Mascote, Ursula domineeringly â€Å"let go with the first blow the lash† (106), causing Arcadio to run back home with his tail between his legs. Ursula treated him like a child, causing him to behave like one. Through her intelligence and strength she demeaned the arrogant and powerful leader into nothing more than a scared boy.The Buendia household did not last long after the deterioration of Ursula. Her great power over the household was passed from her to Fernanda. Unfortunately, Fernanda did not comprehend the responsibility required to manage the family, nor did she have the knowledge or know-how to keep the Buendias afloat. The best example of the family’s dependence on her is â€Å"as long as Ursula had full use of her faculties some of the old customs survived and the life of the family kept some quality of her impulsiveness†¦ no one but she determined the destiny of the family. (228) Due the the lack of the strong support in the Buendia family, the hole left by Ursula’s death caused the decline of the family and eventually all of Macondo. Ursula is an exemplary character, and excels under crisis and stress. She had the fortitude to tell her husband what was on her mind, the balance to support her family emotionally and financially while pursuing her own goals, and the courage to stand up to a tyrannical dictator. Ursula is easily the sanest and strongest character in the novel, and demonstrates this constantly.She provides stability to her family and all of Macondo. She demonstrates her logic when she notices trends in her family or the history of Macondo at first they behave very well, theyre obedient and prompt and they dont seem capable of killing a fly, but as soon as their beards appear they go to ruin. (152); or when she noted the repeat of events in Macondo, its as if time had turned around and we were back at the beginning. (193). She provides stability and reason to her family and all of Macondo.

Sample of a Descriptive Essay About an Event

Sample of a Descriptive Essay About an EventA sample of a descriptive essay about an event is usually a statement of what you are going to say and the main point you want to make in your paper. It is a great way to get an idea of what a great descriptive essay should contain.Although writing a great descriptive essay is something that everyone can learn, writing a good one is not easy. So in order to get a great one, you should know the steps you need to follow in order to be great. This article will give you these three steps.First do your research. The reason why you need to research what you are going to write is because you need to know the rules that apply to writing a particular subject. By knowing the rules, you will not only know how to write a good description but you will also know what areas you have to avoid in order to keep the topic simple and direct.Second, write the main idea of your paper. Write down your main idea and what it is that you want to say in your paper.Th en you should write the introduction. Introduce yourself, state the main idea and describe the event or subject that you are going to write about. Do not forget to also introduce yourself as well.Next, you should start the paragraph with some information about the event. This information will help you build a story about the event and it will give you a framework for how you can proceed in the rest of the paragraph.Finally, you should finish the paragraph with the summary of your paper. You should always finish the paragraph with a conclusion that summarizes your whole paper. By doing this, you will be able to follow the three steps above and you will be able to write a great descriptive essay.Now you know what you need to do to get a good paper, you can do it. You can not be a great writer without taking the steps mentioned above. You just have to read over the samples in order to be familiar with how to write a good essay on a particular subject.

The Party Identification Model and Partisan Dealignment free essay sample

The decline in political parties, in conjunction with accessibility of mass media, has led to the deterioration of internal party campaigning. As such, the party professional with their polling, surveys and other aspects of systematic elections research have replaced the party worker as the primary method of gathering campaign information. In the United States, political parties have responded to such weakness by utilising candidate centred politics, in which candidates mobilise their own electorate. Whilst the decline of political parties is prevalent within Britain and Australia, these electorates have not adapted to this movement away from the party organisation and continue to vote according to party-orientation as candidates are unable to gain their own base of support with voters placing party policies and national issues over candidate value. By the 1950s, a portrait of the American electorate was drawn that emphasised ‘the absence of ideology or specific issues as political motivations for the American voter and the overwhelming importance of a sense of affiliation with party for presidential and congressional voting. We will write a custom essay sample on The Party Identification Model and Partisan Dealignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Partisan identification was the anchor of stability for the political system; however, following the impact of short-term events during the 1960s, such as the Vietnam War, there was a decline in party loyalty as the American political system was weakened. Such decline is indicated by the substantial decrease in voter turnout, the sharp rise in split-ticket voting and an increase in volatility within the electorate. As the political parties’ ability to polarise opinion weakened and voters were set politically adrift, the candidates themselves had to fill the power vacuum. The American electorate had entered an era labelled by Frank Sorauf as the candidate-centred campaign in which ‘the party professional had given way to a different type of professional- the advertising and public relations man, the management specialist, the media specialist, the pollster- who performs services for candidates based on the skills he has acquired in non-political fields. ’. The party, as Sorauf claims, no longer played the main role as the organising intermediary in the campaigns as ‘candidates increasingly mobilised their own electorates. ’ As political party organisations became less important in mobilising voters, and as voters became less inclined to vote a straight party ticket, candidates began to turn to professionals who possessed the skills to market candidates through other media. Consequently, the primary factor in the rise of candidate centred campaigning is the atrophy of political party organisations within the U. S. Since the early twentieth century, there has been a gradual decline in the control exercised by party organisations over the most important aspects of the electoral process- candidate selections, issue positions, setting of strategies and allocation of campaign resources. The new politics of campaigning have arisen because of changes in the American political scene that have weakened traditional party structures and strengthened the personality of the candidate. Once powerful party organisations, such of those at their height during the 1950s and 1960s, which mobilised a pre-existing base of voters behind a party ticket, had now given way to a new politics dominated by ‘personalities’ who employ new means to mobilise a more fluid electorate. As noted in Martin Wattenberg’s, The Rise in Candidate-Centred Politics, there exists ‘countless survey evidence to document Americans’ lack of concern with partisanship and the role of political parties in the U. S. government. ’ Most persuasive is the belief that one should vote for the candidate, not the party. Even in 1956, when most voters were in fact voting straight tickets, seventy-four percent of respondents in the Gallup poll agreed with this general belief and by 1968 this figure had risen to eighty-four percent. The principle of placing the value of the candidate ahead of party policies has become a key characteristic of the American consensus, as political parties are not perceived as being as particularly meaningful as they are within Britain and Australia. It is commonly understood within the British electorate that artisan attachment has eroded since attitudinal surveys of the electorate began in 1964. Such partisan erosion occurs not in the sense that significantly fewer people are willing to identify themselves with a specific political party, but rather in the sense that they feel unable to claim a very strong affiliation with their preferred party. This is identified in Figure 1. 1, highlighting the continual decline in membership for both the two major parties within the U K, the Labour and Conservatives. In 1951, the Conservatives membership stood at 2. million, and by 2011, it had fallen to as low as 177 000 members. Whereas, the proportion of British Election Survey respondents claiming to have a partisan identity only dropped from ninety-three percent to eight-nine percent between 1964 and 1992, it was the number with a very strong identity that fell from forty-eight percent to nineteen percent. Figure 1. 1 UK Political Party Membership While there is convincing evidence of decline in party politics within Britain, there are also indications of stable party legitimacy that is not evident within the U. S. electorate. The 1987 British Social Attitudes Survey found that fifty-one percent of survey respondents claimed to vote for a given party, regardless of the candidate choice. Some twenty-nine percent indicated that candidate choice came into their voting decision to some extent or other, but only 5. 5 percent claimed to focus primarily on candidate. In Britain, individual candidates have not been able to base campaigns on their own accord as the campaign at the constituency level is relatively insignificant, as general elections are so dominated by the campaign at the national level. Voters will decide whether to change their vote according to the appeal of a national party leader, or national party policies but not according to the personality of their local candidate or their policies. Reinforcing the traditional view that the UK electorate is still predominantly party-orientated and that an overwhelming majority of electors place party considerations well above candidate appeals when deciding on how to vote. Furthermore, the ability of the political parties in the UK to adapt to growing party decline is evident by the continual high levels of electoral turnout. In the UK, turnout was actually higher in the 1992 general election than it was in that of 1945 election with 77. 7 percent compared to 72. 8 percent. In the 2010 elections, UK general election turnout was at 65. 1 percent, almost ten percent higher than the United States Presidential election with only 57. 5% of voter turnout. Such as in Britain, the Australian electorate favours party-orientated voting over candidate centred politics. However, as party memberships have collapsed in recent decades, the importance of political parties as a source of campaign workers and a guide to community opinion has declined. Like the U. S. , Australia’s major political parties are now dominated by professional campaigners, with people who are experts in reading opinion polls, conducting focus groups and crafting messages for speeches, media releases and television commercials. As such, the Australian people have stopped joining political organisations in the vast numbers, as voters can utilise the mass media to understand what is happening within the political sphere, via the internet, television and social networking. The ability to access such information has ensured that the voting public have become sceptical of ideologies, and cynical about the true motives of leaders and their party organisations. As the trust of the government has declined, however, candidates within the Australian electorate have still been unable to create their own base of support, as voters have placed national issues and party policy over candidate value. The results published in the Australian Electoral Study, 1987-2007 identify the importance placed on party policies over party candidates within the Australian electorate, emphasising that while party base support continues to decline, the importance of the party’s policy issues has actually increased since 1996 from 48. 6% to 52. 5%, as shown in Figure 1. 2. Figure 1. 2 Considerations in Voting Decision Within Australia, the weakness of party politics lies in a lack of balance between the campaign professionals and a substantial legion of engaged members who are involved for their commitment to a cause. This decay of party affiliation and the decline in party membership has caused the Liberals, Nationals and Labour parties to look towards some modified form of American-style primaries as a way of attracting wider public engagement through their candidate selection processes. However, Australian political parties would be slow to adopt any change and it would, as is the case in the U. S, reduce the importance of parties, as this process easily allows for candidates to bypass the internal party structures and build power bases directly in the broader electorate. The U. S. have entered a political era in which independence is the main characteristic of party politics and the party organisation is no longer the central focus of the modern campaign as electors are more independent of party labels and party loyalties. The once powerful ‘mass party’ within America has given way to the personalities of power within the party framework that utilise the resources of popularity and financial wealth to formulate issue positions, define strategy while communicating with the voters through the mass media. Against this, in the Australian and British electorate, parties continue to fulfill a number of crucial political functions and have not responded to party decline with the rise of candidate centred politics, as voters continue in their party-orientated voting. Evidently, the electorate has transformed with decay of party affiliation and the dramatic decline in party membership since their height in the 1950s. Nevertheless, political parties have shown evidence of their capacity to respond to these weaknesses and their changing environment and as such, it could be suitable to refer to the phenomenon of party adaptation rather than that of party decline. BIBLIOGRAPHY Australian Electoral Study 1987-2007, Trends in Australia: Political Opinion, lt;http://assda. anu. edu. au/aestrends. pdfgt;, 2008, (Accessed 24. 4. 2013) Agranoff, R. , ‘The New Style of Campaigning: The Decline of Party and the Rise of Candidate-Centered Technology,’ in Fishel, J. , ed. Parties and Elections in the Anti-Party Age, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1978, pp. 30-240. CNN Politics, Report Shows Turnout Lower than 2008 and 2004, lt;http://politicalticker. blogs. cnn. com/2012/11/08/report-shows-turnout-lower-than-2008-and-2004/gt;, 2012, (Accessed 25. 4. 2013) Dennis, J. , ‘Trends in Public Support for the American Party System’ in British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 5, No. 2 , 1975, pp. 187-230. Everson, D. , ‘The Decline in Political Parties’, in Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol. 34, No. 4, 1982, pp. 49-60. Sorauf, F. , Political Parties in the American System, Boston, Little Brown, 1964. The Decline of the Political Parties, lt;http://makewealthhistory. org/2012/10/08/the-decline-of-the-political-parties/gt;, 2012, (Accessed 25. 4. 2013) UK Political Info, General Election Turnout 1945-2010, lt;http://www. ukpolitical. info/Turnout45. htmgt; , (Accessed 25. 4. 2013) Wattenberg, M. , The Rise of Candidate-Centered Politics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1991. Webb, P. , ‘Are British Political Parties in Decline? ’ in Party Politics, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1995, pp. 299-322. [ 1 ]. Everson, D. The Decline in Political Parties, in ‘Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science’, Vol. 34, No. 4, 1982, pp. 51. [ 2 ]. Agranoff, R. , The New Style of Campaigning: The Decline of Party and the Rise of Candidate-Centered Technology, in Fishel, J. , ed. ‘Parties and Elections in the Anti-Party Age’, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1978, pp. 230. [ 3 ]. Sorauf, F. , Political Parties in the American System, Boston, L ittle Brown, 1964, pp. 108. [ 4 ]. Wattenberg, M. , The Rise of Candidate-Centered Politics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1991, pp. 34. [ 5 ]. Dennis, J. ‘Trends in Public Support for the American Party System’ in British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1975, pp. 187-230. [ 6 ]. The Decline of the Political Parties, , 2012. [ 7 ]. Webb, P. , Are British Political Parties in Decline? in ‘Party Politics’, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1995, pp. 305. [ 8 ]. Jowell, R. , et al. British Social Attitudes Report. Aldershot, Dartmouth Publishing, 1987. [ 9 ]. UK Political Info, General Election Turnout 1945-2010, . [ 10 ]. CNN Politics, Report Shows Turnout Lower than 2008 and 2004, , 2012. [ 11 ]. Australian Electoral Study 1987-2007, Trends in Australia: Political Opinion, , 2008, pp. 48.

Free Essays on Telemarketing

Telecommuting Introduction Telecommuting is a wireless technology which enables the businesses to work without employees coming to the office and they can stay wherever they want and finish their work. Telecommuting is the fastest growing field of business in recent years, mainly the cellular and personal communications industry. The explosion of telecommuting industry had spread very rapidly connecting the both of the highly industrial areas as well as the third world countries. Telecommuting made the life much more easier because its ability of doing the work outside of office which was done traditionally in the office. Telecommuting rapidly changed our way of work because people who traveled to the office every day and spend eight hours behind a desk are being changed into more technologically flexible workers who are no longer in the boundaries of office walls. Current Status Advancement in telecommuting is remarkable because it saves time and increases the productivity. Many companies are adopting this technology because with telecommuting no body needs to be always preparing for the commute and worry about being late. One can go to work simply by tossing on a robe and slippers or holding a cup of coffee and sitting down on his terminal. Telecommuting proved to be a very profitable for few corporations. All they need was the certain amount of investment. But only few companies had made this kind of transformation. Most of companies are afraid to make this transformation because of their budget or don’t like to mess with new technology and some like the traditional way of work better than the telecommuting. Telecommuting was put into work by the creation of the DSL service which made data to transfer at a higher level. Telecommuting with DSL is nearly 20 times faster than an analog modem. The wireless subscriber base worldwide is expected to reach 1.4 billion this year and approximately 300 milli... Free Essays on Telemarketing Free Essays on Telemarketing Telecommuting Introduction Telecommuting is a wireless technology which enables the businesses to work without employees coming to the office and they can stay wherever they want and finish their work. Telecommuting is the fastest growing field of business in recent years, mainly the cellular and personal communications industry. The explosion of telecommuting industry had spread very rapidly connecting the both of the highly industrial areas as well as the third world countries. Telecommuting made the life much more easier because its ability of doing the work outside of office which was done traditionally in the office. Telecommuting rapidly changed our way of work because people who traveled to the office every day and spend eight hours behind a desk are being changed into more technologically flexible workers who are no longer in the boundaries of office walls. Current Status Advancement in telecommuting is remarkable because it saves time and increases the productivity. Many companies are adopting this technology because with telecommuting no body needs to be always preparing for the commute and worry about being late. One can go to work simply by tossing on a robe and slippers or holding a cup of coffee and sitting down on his terminal. Telecommuting proved to be a very profitable for few corporations. All they need was the certain amount of investment. But only few companies had made this kind of transformation. Most of companies are afraid to make this transformation because of their budget or don’t like to mess with new technology and some like the traditional way of work better than the telecommuting. Telecommuting was put into work by the creation of the DSL service which made data to transfer at a higher level. Telecommuting with DSL is nearly 20 times faster than an analog modem. The wireless subscriber base worldwide is expected to reach 1.4 billion this year and approximately 300 milli...

The Albatrosses and a Killer Whale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Albatrosses and a Killer Whale - Essay Example Changes caused to the marine environment due to natural as well as human reasons, as stated by Safina, have made the albatrosses vulnerable (qtd. in Sakamoto et al. 1). As mentioned by Croxall and Brooke, in recent times, studies have been carried out about the diet and foraging habits of these birds. However, little is known about how albatrosses actually locate their prey in the open ocean (qtd. in Sakamoto et al. 1). Previous studies found it difficult to follow individual birds, and thus could not find out all about the foraging activities employed by them. This particular study is mainly aimed at examining how albatrosses find their prey, as well as how they deal with and respond to their environment while on their foraging trips in the Southern Ocean (Sakamoto et al. 1). Four black-browed albatrosses were captured at their nest sites in Bird Island, Southern Georgia for the purpose of this study, and still cameras were attached to their backs. Three of the four birds were recaptured and the instruments retrieved. The fourth bird could not be recaptured. The camera was equipped with depth and temperature sensors. After the recovery of the instruments, the data captured, which included image, depth and temperature, were downloaded to a PC. The environment around the study birds was studied. Other animals or birds which appeared in the images were also scrutinized. Depth data were analyzed with a behavior analysis program.

Research paper on Milton's Paradise Lost Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On Milton's Paradise Lost - Research Paper Example In this sense, the book and the author direct that freewill is not free at all, as it should be interpreted in a literal sense, but is instead a will that remains arbitral based on who you ask. This is shown clearly with illustrations from then authority of the king in puritan times, as well as the application of freewill in following God’s will. The section that draws up the arbitral sense of freewill is drawn and illustrated by the use of strong words that go to the extent to show then following freewill in the sense of being godly is not all free. This is because it is imposition of God’s will upon man, which in the first place is meant for to occur and is part of a design by God to be in power. As a result, there is no way that man exercises freewill in any way as all aspects of will are manipulated by God by design and by default, from the moment that one commences exercising it (Barfoot 176). In addition, the book stats that man’s exertion of freewill is by no means free as it is an act of obedience to God begging the question how freewill is meant to be freewill and how it is independent of God and His power, as well as how it should be defined. The definition of the term freewill in the book remains wanting in that it does not show a distinct definition that can be applied for the purpose of identification of the action that man engages out of sheer freewill. Instead, the whole ordeal of defining what freewill is turned into a means of showing how God works to exert freewill and how freewill is supposed to manifest itself for the glory of God. This is because the book shows that almost every aspect of freewill, including its practice, is for the glory of God, as none of it remains directly under the control of man at any given time. With this in mind, the book describes the application of freewill in antics used to ensure obedience and devotion to a high authority. It is in this case that freewill is brought out at as a challenge to God’s authority as it requires a clear definition and distinction between the ways to obedience and devotion without the use of the above-mentioned default and manipulation by God. This is not clarified in the book, but instead shows the Adam and Eve scene in separation, where there are the words saying that God towards thee has done his part do thine (Bizik 70). This part is a clear illustration of freewill at work, where God gives man freewill, by creating it in the first place and allowing the two to choose between the choices, they were given. The above illustrates that there is no way that freewill is existent, and that it is merely a convenience for human rights forums. The translation of the above statement, therefore, is that God is the master of all, and that there is no way that man has freewill as even the choices given to Adam and Eve are only bound by the will of God and His need for devotion and obedience by man towards Him. It is because of this that manâ€⠄¢s will is not free as man’s will is subjected to God’s direction thus the mental faculties of man are not independent or free of the influence. Instead, man’s freewill is subordinate to God’s will and command, as well as system of beliefs and institutions

P.E.P. for rugby Essay Example for Free

P.E.P. for rugby Essay Multi-stage Fitness Test  The multi-stage fitness test, also known as the 20 meter shuttle run test, beep or bleep test among others, is nowadays a very common test of aerobic fitness.  Diagram:  Description: This test involves continuous running between two lines 20m apart in time to recorded beeps. For this reason the test if also often called the beep or bleep test. The time between recorded beeps decrease each minute (level). Scoring: The athletes score is the level and number of shuttles reached before they were unable to keep up with the tape recording.   Press up test  Diagram:  Description: Can be the total number of push-ups completed or the number completed in a set time period. The starting position is with the hands and feet touching the floor, the body and legs are in a straight line, the arms extended and at a right angles to the body. Scoring: The number of correctly completed push-ups is recorded.  Sit and reach  Diagram:  Description:This test involves sitting on the floor with legs out straight ahead. Feet (shoes off) are placed flat against the box. Both knees are held flat against the floor by the tester. The athlete leans forward slowly as far as possible and holds the greatest stretch for two seconds. Make sure there is no jerky movements, and that the fingertips remain level and the legs flat. Scoring:The score is recorded as the distance before (negative) or beyond (positive) the toes. Repeat twice and record the best score. The table below gives you a guide for expected scores (in cm) for adults  Description:The ruler is held by the assistant between the outstretched index finger and thumb of the athletes dominant hand, so that the top of the athletes thumb is level with the zero cm line on the ruler. The assistant instructs the athlete to catch the ruler as soon as possible after it has been released. Scoring:The assistant is to record distance between the bottom of the ruler and the top of the athletes thumb where the ruler has been caught.  Balance Beam  Diagram:  Description:the person stands on one leg on a beach for as long as possible.  Scoring:time length of time person can stay in balance position.  Fitness Requirements for Rugby  The game of basketball requires many different aspects of fitness which I will outline below.  Aerobic Endurance-a good level of cardio-vascular fitness is needed because of the continuous nature of the game. Speed -needed to move into position quickly both in attack and defence  Strength -leg power is probably more important than upper body strength although this is required for long distance passing and in my position lifting the man in the line- out. Explosive leg power is needed for rucking, maul and scrum situations. Muscular endurance is also needed because of the repetitive nature of the game.  Flexibility needed for all aspects of the game to reduce the risk of injury and to allow movement around the park in a variety of situations.  As well as the health related aspects of fitness, several skill-related components are important. Agility, balance, co-ordination reaction time are needed for all aspects of the game. As the game has so many different requirements I have decided to use circuit training to develop my current levels of fitness as this develops most of the aspects I need. It also will allow me to be specific and adapt the exercises and work intensities easily as the programme develops.  As well as doing the circuits I will also attend four rugby practices, two in school and two at the club, and also play matches when arranged. Because of this I will arrange the time of the circuits to ensure I have either ample recovery after a match or rest before a match.