Decision logic for outsourcing - involvement of risks and risk control

Question: Discuss the decision logic for outsourcing, involvement of risks and risk control strategy? Answer: Introduction The term Outsourcing can be defined as the strategy for cost-effectiveness when implemented properly into a business. It can be well explained by taking the example of a giant coffee company Starbucks in the following discussions. This concept is sometimes very important to consider as it provides a platform for affordability in the business by outsourcing of goods rather than producing internally. It may also include shift in the operations area that can provide growth in the economy of the business. The company Starbucks had massively used outsourcing over the years to expand the supply chain which also led to significant cost inflation. Decision Logic for Outsourcing The decision logic includes the analysis of relevant costs and benefits related to the outsourcing of materials, resources or products of a business organization. The decision logic are developed and explained on the basis of two factors like make buy of a product or service by any company. The factors of deflation in costs must be excluded while decision analysis for outsourcing of a product/service by the company (Acharyya and Brady, 2014). For instance in this case of Starbucks, the decisions for outsourcing should be made on the basis of some questions like should I outsource my customer feedback call centre? Should I outsource transport and logistics or hire in-house facilities? Thus the proper decision making can increase the cost-effectiveness and efficiency in the business process of organization (Chen and Chen, 2014). Outsourcing can help to introduce fresh business policies or procedures as well as it can free up time for innovation or other important tasks related to the business. However, making wrong decisions can lead to put the business into a competitive disadvantage which will lead to control loss over proper information, or product/services that does not meet the quality standards of the organization. So in context to Scordis et al. (2014), as the Operations Manager of the giant coffee industry Starbucks I would like to highlight upon the detailed logic map based upon the decision logic of outsourcing. The outsourcing decision matrix is used to clearly identify the process, product/service of function which can be kept in-house and which can be safely outsourced (Dionne, 2013). The Outsourcing decision matrix can be developed on the basis of two factors: 1. How important is the task to our business? As strategically tasks are important resources for competitive advantage. 2. What is the impact of the task on the performance of business operations? The Outsourcing Decision Matrix The modules of the matrix are as follows: Formation of strategic alliance The tasks in this module are of strategic importance though contributes less to the performance of the business operations. So, control over them must be retained to ensure the exact work of the tasks as we want or get good quality. These are of no significance to the costs or even running and focus on in-house operations. In this instance we can say that Starbucks is aligned with an advertising company to spread the message to customers but it will not affect the daily performance of the operations (Santos and Silva, 2012). Retain This involves tasks of high priority as well as have an adverse impact on the daily performance of the organization. These are to be kept in-house so as to retain the maximum control of the organization. In this context, the production and packaging should be kept in-house as it is strategically crucial and contributes to the smooth and successful running of the organization (Duckett and Busby, 2013). Outsource The tasks in this sector are important for the success of performance in the operations of the organization. So, these tasks can be safely outsourced as it would reduce the time of in-house management. For example, this coffee company can outsource its logistics operations to another specialist company that deals with logistics. How the product is delivered is definitely not a part of competitive advantage as it does not concerns the customers experience. But it has impact on operational performance as how well it is done means the timing andquality of the product. Eliminate- This sector does not concern the total strategy or contributes to the operational performance of the business. These tasks can be totally eliminated as they are of no importance but must be well considered as to why it should be eliminated. An example of this in context can be given as removal of unnecessary raw materials used for packaging or old unusable inventories in the company (Elahi, Sheikhzadeh and Lamba, 2014). The logic map for the company can be demonstrated as: Performance objectives Strategic Analysis According to Roberts et al. (2013), the idea of strategic analysis has been presented in the business in the year 1960s, with a point of upgrading the business execution and it has been likewise raised in the business setting as a goal of guaranteeing the long haul supportability for an association. The five performance objectives used to analyze the factors that influence the decisions to outsource or remain in-house in this context is explained below: Cost In order to analyze the operations performance objectives, it can be stated that cost is one of essential aspects, which is usually helping a company to ensure its current position as well as future prospects in an effective manner. Thus, most of the global companies usually emphasize towards manufacturing cost of its products as well as services for enhancing the ability of the company in the operating marketplace. In this context, more specifically it can be argued that Starbucks has highly emphasized towards its manufacturing/ production cost for enhancing its business competencies in the operating marketplace (Gjerald and Lyngstad, 2015). Quality This plays an important role so as to attract customers at the same time it also may enhance its market share within the operating marketplace. Moreover, better quality products may enhance brand recognition for a company. In this regard, more specifically it can be stated that during the manufacturing of coffee products or services, Starbucks has highly emphasized towards the specification of the products. At the same time, Starbucks has highly concentrated towards its quality related aspects and aiming to maintain the standards. Thus, it can be stated that quality assurance related decisions help a company to gain better competitive advantage in the operating marketplace (Kazmer, 2014). Speed The growth of the company can be ensured by concentrating on the operation process which may enhance operational efficiency of the company. In this regard, more specifically it can be stated that Starbucks always has provided its highest attention towards the speed of the business process along with its operations, for making better strategic decisions. At the same time, quick response of the company may reduce challenges for the organization by enhancing customer demands and it also has led the company towards better success in future. Dependability This is an essential aspect as it helps the organization to fulfill the needs and stand up to the expectations of the customers by enhancing the ability to deliver products as well as services amid the customers. In this context, it can be mentioned that Starbucks has enhanced its dependability on the customers by extending its overall range of product and services (Lacity and Willcocks, 2014). Flexibility In addition to the above mentioned aspects this one is also considered as one of the essential aspects for making business decisions as it can enhance the quality of operations. In this context, more accurately, it can be argued that Starbucks has always emphasized towards its flexibility related aspects with an intention of extending its business performance in around the globe. Thus, by analyzing the operations performance objectives, it can be evidently stated that through considering these factors BP may also identify appropriate strategic decisions for its outsourced as well as kept in-house products. Involvement of Risks The management of uncertainty lies on recognizing, measuring, and examining the factors that can influence the outcomes. This will help to identify potential risks and their impact. The types of risks involved in the decision making process include: Strategic Risks These types of risks emerge from the ventures an association makes to seek after its main goal and destinations. The risks are often involve the competition and can include various risks like macroeconomic dangers (the arrangement of purchasers and dealers steady with the standards of supply and interest), exchange chances (the operational dangers from merger and procurement action, divestitures, or organizations), and speculator relations chance (the dangers connected with corresponding adequately or incapably with the venture group) (Lacity and Willcocks, 2014). Financial Risks These identify with potential monetary misfortunes that can come about because of deprived distribution of assets, changes in rates of interest, shifts in move towards duty, expands or diminishes in the cost of things, or vacillations in the evaluation of cash (Lair, 2012). Operational Risks This type of dangers can emerge because of decisions about outline and utilization of procedures to make and convey merchandise and administrations. They can incorporate creation slips, substandard crude materials, and innovation breakdowns. Legal Risks These dangers stem from the risk of case or equivocalness in relevant laws and regulations (counting whether they are prone to change); these dangers make insecurity in the strides an association have to take to deliver its commitments to consumers, workers, suppliers, stakeholders, groups, and governments. Additional types of Risks - Dangers are regularly connected with power failure or occasions outside the ability of the organization. These can incorporate climate debacles, surges, seismic tremors, and war or different dangers (Madon and Sharanappa, 2013). Risk Control Strategy Risk Control is focused at those dangers that were not considered as worthy. E.g. theirs quality is over the agreeableness level. Restraint comprises in proposition, tolerating and acknowledgment of measures, that can take out those dangers or their worth is influenced somehow. Choice is the last aftereffect of the danger control stage and is typically the yield of considering a few arrangement variations. As, the decision makers the risks level, size and nature must be predetermined so that proper decisions can be taken to enhance the business process of the company (Office, 2015). The risks are evaluated and can be controlled according to the principles of 4T as discussed below: The first step comes is to terminate the risk by evaluating the affects of the risk on the system. In this regard, to make decisions for Starbucks the threat is that the decision to outsource the logistics may affect the business standards. So, as to maintain the business, the risks are to be eliminated by taking proper actions like keep track of the performance of the logistics company (Pratap, 2014). Next in context of risk control this step involves on how to manage and treat the risks as potential threats to the business. This is done by classifying risks into three categories as high, medium or low risks and can help to deduce the recovery option according to the risk involved in the process. This step involves the transfer of operations that consist of the risks which could hamper the competitive nature of the business. The modules of operation that are affected can be transferred to different locations or isolated such that it cannot affect the whole process of business. This may also be achieved by outsourcing of certain services of the company like in this case it is the outsourcing of customer feedback call center to other state to continue the business process. This step is implemented to tolerate the risks and thus controlling the risks so that the business process is not hampered due to the risks. This can be achieved by developing a tolerance strategy according to the risks predetermined in the business process of the company. Conclusion Decision making is the intellectual procedure prompting the determination of a course of activity among varieties. There are loads of risks in each stage. The reason for danger administration is to guarantee levels of danger and instability are appropriately overseen. All together to oversee dangers in the decision making is important to comprehend what is. The essential help for issue of danger in choice making procedure is utilizing the choice techniques for each stage. Thus, as the operations manager for the Starbucks coffee company the decision making should be done on the basis of risks and strategic analysis to continue the business process flow of the company. References List Acharyya, M. and Brady, C. (2014). Designing an Enterprise Risk Management Curriculum for Business Studies: Insights From a Pilot Program.Risk Management and Insurance Review, 17(1), pp.113-136. Chen, Y. and Chen, Y. (2014). Strategic outsourcing under technology spillovers.Naval Research Logistics (NRL), 61(7), pp.501-514. Dionne, G. (2013). Risk Management: History, Definition, and Critique.Risk Management and Insurance Review, 16(2), pp.147-166. Duckett, D. and Busby, J. (2013). Risk amplification as social attribution.Risk Management, 15(2), pp.132-153. Elahi, E., Sheikhzadeh, M. and Lamba, N. (2014). An Integrated Outsourcing Framework: Analyzing Boeing's Outsourcing Program for Dreamliner (B787).Know. Process Mgmt., 21(1), pp.13-28. Gjerald, O. and Lyngstad, H. (2015). Service risk perceptions and risk management strategies in business-to-business tourism partnerships.Tourism Management Perspectives, 13, pp.7-17. Kazmer, D. (2014). Manufacturing outsourcing, onshoring, and global equilibrium.Business Horizons, 57(4), pp.463-472. Lacity, M. and Willcocks, L. (2014). Business process outsourcing and dynamic innovation.Strat Outs, 7(1), pp.66-92. Lacity, M. and Willcocks, L. (2014). Business process outsourcing and dynamic innovation.Strat Outs, 7(1), pp.66-92. Lair, C. (2012). Outsourcing and the Contracting of Responsibility*.Sociological Inquiry, 82(4), pp.557-577. Madon, S. and Sharanappa, S. (2013). Social IT outsourcing and development: theorising the linkage.Information Systems Journal, 23(5), pp.381-399. Office, J. (2015). Acknowledgement to Reviewers of the Journal of Risk and Financial Management.Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 8(1), pp.1-1. Pratap, S. (2014). Towards a framework for performing outsourcing capability.Strat Outs, 7(3), pp.226-252. Roberts, J., Henderson, J., Olive, L. and Obaka, D. (2013). A Review of Outsourcing of Services in Health Care Organizations.Journal of Outsourcing Organizational Information Management, pp.1-10. Santos, J. and Silva, M. (2012). Cost Management in IT Outsourcing Contracts: The Path to Standardization.Journal of Outsourcing Organizational Information Management, pp.1-17. Scordis, N., Suzawa, Y., Zwick, A. and Ruckner, L. (2014). Principles for Sustainable Insurance: Risk Management and Value.Risk Management and Insurance Review, 17(2), pp.265-276.

PESTLE Analysis of SingTel-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the PESTLE Analysis of SingTel. Answer: Introduction The company considered in this report is Singapore Telecommunications, an organisation based in Singapore. Singapore Telecommunications also known as SingTel is one of the leading communication industry which offers services of wide ranges. The wide range of services includes data, internet services and mobile. The company also includes the technology of info-communications and pay-television along with the said services. SingTel is considered to be Singapores one of the largest organisation that is public-listed through capitalisation of market. The organisation is having the branches in India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand, Australia and Philippines. They are other than been recorded on the Australian Securities Exchange by help of obtainment of Optus, the second most noticeable communication supplier in Australia since September 2001. For fulfilling the necessities for multinational affiliations, SingTel runs approach of 36 working environments in 19 different countries and zones all through Asia Pacific, Europe and besides the USA. The SingTel Group is serving around 383 million customers in 25 different countries (Chua, 2011). In Singapore SingTel is working for the last 130 years and they also plays significant role in the development of the country. In the current era the company is having vital part in computerizing the media in ICT market of the country. Though, the government has imposed an end of monopoly market but the organisation is still retaining 3.2 million clients and the share of the markets is as high as 46.4% (Market Analysis for the SingTel Group, 2015). In 2007 SingTel launched Mio TV and take an entrance in the world of entertainment providing in home. In 2016 fiscal year organisation earned a profit of net value around S$ 3.87 billion (Annual report, 2016). PESTLE Analysis PESTLE analysis is considered to be one of the best tool which are been utilised by the market analysers for analysing and monitoring the macro factors of environment which influences as well as having impact on the organisation (Marketing Theories PESTLE Analysis, n.d.). Political Factors: The holding of the Singapore government beyond the organisation has a positive impact on the organisation. Temasek Holdings have owned the majority portion of the organisation. Temasek Holdings is one of the investment wings of the government of Singapore. SingTel with the help of market capitalisation in the exchange of Singapore has a total portfolio value of 223 billion Singapore dollars. Under the laws and constitution of Singapore, President as well as Minister of Finance of Singapore and shareholder of Temasek are not been involved in the decisions of business, investment and divestment (Nga, 2017). But as the company get the backing of the Singapore government the investors have confidence for investing which maximizes the companys creditability. Economic Factors: Globalisation affected the reputation of the company. When there was an economic turndown on 2008 the company offered the rebates services to the customers. The customer paid rebated bills as well as the post-paid plan was without any contract. The plans of SuperSim were the first plan of post-paid mobile without any contract. This adaptability of the organisations enhanced the customers confidence (Market Analysis for the SingTel Group, 2015). In recent times the government of Singapore have concentrated on the heavy investment on the economy diversification. Therefore every economical sector will attain a significant growth and therefore SingTel has the opportunity in strengthening the business. The company should take the advantages of spending habits of customers and alteration in income. Social Factors: SingTel develops social program. The philanthropy program includes SingTel Touching Lives Fund which raises the fund for helping the children as well as youth who are in the requirement of special needs. Project Silverline of SingTel helps in improving the lives quality of the elderly people who are alone. The organisation also helps the kids. The organisation partnered with Optus for the Helpline of kids since 1999. It helps in creating the interesting strategies for assisting kids and then connects them through online counselling services in the real time. Technology Factors: SingTel has strengthened the services of digital marketing. The services like Hooq and Data Spark has made the company to gain the technological process. This helps the company in providing the maximum synergy to the customers and offers bundle of services to the customer. It offers solutions for multiple industries. Technology changed and developed rapidly and constantly nowadays. New relationship, for instance, Internet Telephone and the extension of media transmission customers are the illustrations behind relationship to put becoming new types of progress in things and affiliations (Nga, 2017). Starting at now, SingTel gives telephone lines, online business, web, and versatile relationship with key change in electronic business and Internet-based activities with customer packs. Along these lines, SingTel has seen that the creative endeavours are a critical bit of SingTel's methodology for whole course of action progress. On 21 September 2010, Singapore Telecommunications Limited point by point it has set up SingTel (Innov8), a corporate twist relationship to place assets into creative developments and answers for make future progress engines for the Group. Innov8, a totally had teammate of SingTel, will have a covered resource size of S$200 million. Legal factors: The competitors of SingTel are accounting legal action after Telco in Singapore apologized for conducting campaign through the agency of social media. The company had roped for running campaign targeting the youth people but the local blogger have published internal brief instructions against the organisation and the organisation faced a great danger at that time. Environmental Factor: SingTel manages as well as minimizes the environmental impact by conservation of resources as well as preventing the pollution. The Environmental Management System helps in providing the guidance process of the business as well as operation for ensuring that the policies of environment are been met. The organisation is committed for providing the safe health and work environment for the employees and also managing the footprint of environment. Porters Five Forces Analysis Porter Five Forces Analysis is considered to be powerful tool to understand the location of power in an environment of business. This is helpful as well as useful as it helps in understanding the strength of the competitive position of the business as well as the strength of the position which is been considered at the time of moving the business (Porters Five Forces, 2015). Rivalry Intensity (High) The competition is stiff because the companies of telecommunication are supplying the same products which are been considered as undifferentiated. Customers are having the power of high bargaining which yields in wars of prices and this is happening from the past. The emergence and introduction of optic fibre for the services of internet showed that there is a trend in increasing the number of service providers. In recent times many service providers has introduced the utilisation of fibre products. As the industry of telecommunication was liberalized in the past decade therefore the introduction of innovative optical fibre will attract maximum customers. Risk related to New Competitor (Low) There are several obstacles for entering because of this industries nature. These obstacles comprise infrastructure related expenses like high telecom signal towers for mobile phone users as well as data houses for the purpose of managing cloud storing. Moreover, businesses that belong from this industry have a possibility to maximizing economies for extra reduced expenses and keeping out new competitors. As an example, for the purpose of installing infrastructure, initially mobile users had to pay elevated usage cost. Then the minimal charges to add each user was reduced that bought down unit charges. As it will be tough for the newcomers to be consistent within the telecommunication industry, there are less chances for locating any such new competitor. Suppliers Authority over the Industry (Moderate) In Singapore, always there is a moderate control stability amongst the telecommunication firms and suppliers. It is not possible for suppliers to contest with present users in a direct way for the high estimated networks located geographically and the struggle for making long-term agreements are generally challenging for this telecommunication industry. A deficiency of suppliers is noticed because of their precise capability of providing multifaceted, dependable mobile networks. Assumed the stability of authority amongst telecommunications firms and suppliers, suppliers influence is generally reasonable. Buyers Influence (High) In the rich country of Singapore, customers retain extraordinary control on bargaining, as they have the extreme authority for changing companies. Furthermore, often a great level of transparency can also be seen that lets price cautious customers for having a decent valuation of the available existing choices for taking a well-versed choice. Therefore, buyers affect a company through their ability to drive prices down, bargain for higher quality and more services and play competitors against each other. Risk related to Substitute Products (High) The menace related to substitute products is very high because of less number of changing expenses as well as less number of variation amongst mobile network service provider firms. Customers are very cautious about mobile charges and often incline to change to a provider that costs less. At present, for the purpose of making overseas call, clients have the option for selecting Internet telephony on top of fixed-line service. The need of fixed-line is declining by means of a convenient process. Intimidations as alternative of fixed-line telecommunication is great and it is substituted by Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) as well mobile phone apps that eventually helps in decreasing communication along with expenses related to the setup.(Chang, Tham, Cheng Chung 2016) Tactical Recommendations For achieving enhanced result, SingTels brand appearance as well as its amenities have to be highly user-centric, better governed, the company needs to take social responsibilities and need to look for innovation all the time. User-centricity Accomplishments of SingTel comes from user centricity. It has to sustain decent communicative rapport with its consumers by the means of innovative and thrilling facilities as these are crucial for dodging the rivalry. SingTel, through understanding its customers requirements and fathoming to them, need to boost its viability through providing value added as well as worth service. Consecutively, it will grab users attention that eventually will help in establishing a vast client-base. Therefore, SingTel need to continue its search to formulate new and pioneering means for doing trade and withstand desire to show a change. Worthy Domination Decent commercial control along with transparency are crucial for confirming durable feat and guarding curiosities of the share-holders. Additionally, it also need to align with the commercial goals steadily for strengthening leading the industry and its status within the telecommunication business industry. For the purpose of the companys viable growth, SingTel's have to integrate top-notch HR policies for talent acquirement, retaining, teaching, growth and employee along with nurturing and grooming imminent leaders. Variation in workers is a vital part for the firm to attain accomplishment as each staff brings their exclusive expertise along with working knowledge that facilitates company growth. Hence, SingTel need to make every effort for attracting and hiring the best talents available round the globe. Social Duty Along with the assurance of offering a vigorous as well as harmless work atmosphere to its staffs, SingTel have to be devoted in decreasing environmental track by the means of intensive business performs. It need to talk about and be attentive in protecting the environment, conserve natural resources, reducing chemical waste as well as operational impacts. Looking over such in-house practices will eventually let SingTel monitoring, assessing as well as mitigating the importance of any hostile business effect on the atmosphere, humanity, its consumers, and lastly its workers. Additionally, SingTel need to address the social fears which are dire to the welfare as well as viable community growth where it functions. Presently, the company funds a vast kind of agendas those are mainly focused on two policies: SingTel Touching Lives Fund (STLF) It is the corporate philanthropy agenda within the Singapore for supporting community related plans, needy teen-agers as well as youngsters. SingTel backs community growth for preventing catastrophe aid and decrease disease within the geographical area where SingTel maintains high-potential influence. These are considered as good initiatives and these to be sustained for noble work that covers more areas in future for contributing further to the humanity and society. Continue Innovating It has become a great challenge for SingTel to be able to avoid the competition and continue as a leading service provider in the present volatile industry of telecommunications. Ergo, the innovation part is indeed a key for resisting within the market. For exploring and identifying ways in which innovative facilities like Internet Telephony can further be exploited and incorporated within its prevailing telecommunications facilities, SingTel must team up with firms like government agencies, top innovators, equity providers as well as Research Development (RD) groups within its service areas. Transformation should be the plan to succeed and stay ahead of the competition, SingTel must adopt cost efficiency which instigates high performance and growth.(Roy, Halder, Roy, Mehedi Shamim 2013) Conclusion SingTel remains maintaining a resilient stance being the leader of telecommunication industry along with a robust consumer-base and attainment as it is able to frame and apply decent approach. However, still there is considerable space of advancement. Even now, Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) is an intimidation as there is no plan framed to fight it. Through refining its operational structure and constant scanning of in-house financial subtleties, there is a high possibility of production decline, delivery, and service charges. It can be beneficial for both customers and the business. Therefore, SingTel can attain the position of being the lowermost cost telecommunication services provider within the region. RD is a venture to secure the future of the company.Singapore Telecommunications Limited must carry on investing in SingTel Innov8 for identifying innovative know-hows and resolutions for further growth. (Harpur, 2016 Reference List Annual report. (2016). Transforming with you [webpage]. Retrieved from https://info.SingTel.com/annualreport/2016/files/SingTel_AR2016.pdf Chang, R., Tham, XS., Cheng, KF., Chung, C. (2016). NUSINVEST[webpage]. Retrieved fromhttps://www.nusinvest.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/FA-%E2%80%93-Industry-Report-Telecommunications-Industry-December-2015.pdf Chua, A. (2011). E-resources[webpage]. Retrieved from https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1610_2011-03-21.html Harpur, P. (2016) Budde[webpage]. Retrieved from https://www.budde.com.au/Research/Singapore-Telecoms-Infrastructure-Operators-Regulations-Statistics-and-Analyses Market Analysis. (2015).Market analysis for The SingTel Group[webpage]. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/market-analysis-for-the-SingTel-group-marketing-essay.php Marketing Theories. (n.d). Marketing Theories PESTLE Analysis[webpage]. Retrieved from https://www.professionalacademy.com/blogs-and-advice/marketing-theories---pestel-analysis Nga, L. (2017). Fool[webpage]. Retrieved from https://www.fool.sg/2017/04/13/2-risks-singapore-telecommunications-limited-is-facing-and-how-it-plans-to-address-them/ Porters Five Forces. (2015). Porters Five Forces [webpage]. Retrieved from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_08.htm Roy, A, Halder, P, Roy, S, Mehdi, MA, Shamim, MSH. (2013). Projonmerpokaaiub[webpage] Retrieved from https://projonmerpokaaiub.blogspot.sg/2013/07/paperon-SingTel-submitted-to-hasan-prof.html SingTel group sets up.(2010)SingTel Group sets up S$200 million corporate venture capital fun to drive innovation [webpage]. Retrieved from https://innov8.SingTel.com/about.html

W.A. Mozart Essays - Operas, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Opera Buffa

W.A. Mozart 1756-91, Austrian composer whose oeuvre represents one of the great peaks of musical history. His works, written in every genre, combine beauty of sound with classical grace and technical perfection. He learned to play harpsichord, violin, and organ from his father, Leopold Mozart, 1719-87, a composer and violinist. A remarkable prodigy, the young Mozart was composing by age five, presenting concerts throughout Europe as a child, and by age 13 had written concertos, sonatas, symphonies, and operettas. In Italy (1768-71) he absorbed Italian style, and in 1771 he was appointed concertmaster to the archbishop of Salzburg, a position in which he was restless. Idomeneo (1781), one of the best examples of 18th-cent. OPERA seria, was the first opera of his maturity. He moved to Vienna (1781), married, and met HAYDN, to whom he dedicated six string quartets (1782-85), testimony to the two composers' influence on each other. The Abduction from the Seraglio (1782), a singspiel combining songs and German dialogue, brought some success. He turned to the Italian opera buffa, creating the comic masterpiece The Marriage of Figaro (1786). Don Giovanni, considered difficult in its day but now recognized as one of the most brilliant operas ever written, followed in 1787. In the same year Mozart succeeded GLUCK as court composer to Joseph II; Eine kleine Nachtmusik (1787) is an example of the elegant occasional music he wrote in this role. In 1788 he wrote his last three symphonies, Nos. 39-41, which display his complete mastery of classical symphonic form and intense personal emotion. In Vienna he produced his last opera buffa, Cosi fan tutte (1790). In The Magic Flute (1791) he returned to the singspiel, bringing the form to a lyrical height. He then worked feverishly on a requiem commissioned by a nobleman; it proved to be Mozart's own, and the work was completed by his pupil Franz S?ssmayr. The composer died at 35 in poverty and was buried in a pauper's grave. A catalogue of Mozart's works was made in 1862 by Ludwig von K?chel; they are usually identified accordingly, e.g., the Piano Concerto in B Flat, K. 595. Music Essays

Prohibition1 essays

Prohibition1 essays As under a spell, the people had suffered this act to be brought to its fatal conclusion, but with the first touch of cold reality the charm was undone, and the law appeared in its true aspect. Brought about by the Eighteenth Amendment and enforced through the Volstead Act, lasted for over a decade. Despite a growing lack of public support for both Prohibition and restraint itself, the ban on alcohol continued throughout the United States-at least in the law books. In practice, however, National Prohibition was much less effective than restraint and Prohibition leaders had hoped, in the end causing more problems than it solved. Once passed, Prohibition directly led to the increase in crime and corruption during the twenties, the public health problems associated with bootleg liquor and alcohol substitutes, the irritated tensions between religious, racial, and social groups, and the political disturbance in response to its existence. Yet in the end, it was the discussion of the supre me public hatred of the Amendment, caused by all of these factors combined, which brought about Prohibitions repeal. Yet Prohibition did enjoy some success. Records reveal that alcohol consumption did initially drop after the onset of National Prohibition and the Volstead Act. However, this decrease on a national level was not all that significant compared to the effect of previous temperance measures in specific communities. Also, after this initial drop alcohol consumption continued to rise steadily throughout Prohibition to the point where it was thought consumption would actually surpass pre-Prohibition levels. The same was true of alcohol related diseases-while initially declining, alcoholism and alcohol-related illness climbed to new heights, all while Prohibition was still in effect (Thornton, Failure 7071). Thus, in the long run, the initial success of Prohibition was soon reversed. Crime, however, was a problem thro...

Reflective Critical Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflective Critical Report - Essay Example At the onset, (instructor) proactively set the classroom policies that everyone should follow. (Instructor) outlines the aims of the course and communicated these effectively to the students. (Instructor) also allowed the students to raise their concerns and own goals to ensure that they are reasonably in-line with the course objectives. Introduction Throughout the class discussions and lectures, I learned that teachers need to be flexible and able to balance between keeping up with the schedule and ensuring that students fully understand what is being taught inside the classroom. Some classes may have students who have previous knowledge in the subject, some may have students who are able to catch-up easily and deal with fast-paced learning. However, this is not always the case. What I learned during the observation is the way (instructor) responded to these circumstances. This is why teachers need to be flexible and quick in solving concerns such as things or schedules not happenin g as planned. (Instructor) also maximized the opportunity for learning by making effective use of the limited time for lectures. I learned that it is important to make the most of classroom time while students are fully involved in the learning activities (Eggen & Kauchak 2007, p. 372). ... Overall, the feeling it gave the students most probably was eagerness to learn. Questions were always encouraged, and every question was treated like it was the most important question ever asked. This encouraged the students to probe more, thus improving the interactive learning process. However, it must be hard to balance paying attention to every question and staying within the schedule of activities and topics. I never saw any waning of attention from the students because the class was very lively since (instructor) encouraged class participation. Methods/Approaches/Techniques (Instructor) gave a small test at the start to gauge the knowledge of the students. I observed it was a good strategy and it gave me valuable insight on the importance of an almost particularized approach in teaching. Also, in every lesson, (instructor) provided the logic behind the importance of learning what is about to be taught. My favourite part of the classroom activity was when (instructor) played a taped and allowed the students to discuss in pairs what they just listened to. It encouraged the students to encourage their partners to analyze more. It also provided an opportunity for the partners to develop teamwork and constructive evaluation of each other’s ideas. In this listening and comprehension activity, (instructor) gave statements or phrases which students needed to arrange in proper order to make the overall thought in line with what they just listened to. Some students merely guessed, showing that active listening should be improved. I found these group activities very interesting and valuable because they help make students learn through immersion and application of classroom theories.

Argument shows islamic banking is not only targeting people from Essay

Argument shows islamic banking is not only targeting people from muslim backgrounds or in muslim countires - Essay Example As a result of the strict lending rules, Islamic Banking is gaining popularity among Muslims and non-Muslims globally at a high rate. Although referred to as Islamic Banking, non-Muslims have currently been included in the system. Some observers have defined it as a sophisticated banking and finance structure that takes into consideration moral and social values, highly compatible with the modern financial needs, which make the bank, receive overwhelming support from all people. The incorporation of strict sharia economics and the modern lending economics have been the major contributing factors for non-Muslims’ indulgence in the Islamic banking system (Syed, 2012). Previously, Islamic Banking was attractive only to a limited number of Muslims whose main purpose was to avoid interest charged by the conventional banking system. However, the increased support it has received from the rich Gulf Muslim investors has increased its popularity, luring more people into the system. The rising demand for ethical investing and the need for less risky alternatives of investing have pulled more numbers of non-Muslims into the Islamic Banking. Additionally, the Islamic finance sector is yet to develop into a fully-fledged financial sector. Therefore, more people are required to chip in their little share so as to expand the market share. Driven by the vision of offering an alternative banking system to the conventional banking, designers of the Islamic Banking allowed non-Muslims to take part in order to accelerate its growth (Abdullah, 2012). The high potential shown by Islamic Banking has seen the introduction of classes based on the ideals of Islamic Banking system (Khan, 2013). In fact some of these institutions have greatly advocated for Islamic Banking to the extent of recommending it among their students. Harvard for example has set up an Islamic Finance Project since 1994 that is based on

The Euro Crisis in Portugal ( European Union) Essay

The Euro Crisis in Portugal ( European Union) - Essay Example The crisis continued to spread and by the end of the year 2011, two other countries Italy and Spain were affected. By the end of October in the same year, these countries were compelled to pay absolute risk premia on the order of 500 basis points. As a result of this, the public finance structures of both the countries became vulnerable as their sustainability became subjected to risk. During the first half of the year 2012, many bonds reached their maturity date in both Italy and Spain. During this phase, there were both positive and negative possibilities – either the debt crisis could be managed in an efficient manner or further severe repercussions on the global economic structure. In the entire course of the European debt crisis, every effort was taken by the policy makers so that they could provide relief to the money market. However, most of the times it was realized that any strategies that were adopted were either too insufficient or were too late. In the year 2010, t here were many deliberations over the benefits or detriments of monetary assistance or intervention from International Monetary Fund (IMF). As a result of this no fixed solution could be found for the euro debt crisis. In July of 2011, a decision was taken to enhance assistance to the Greek sovereign with permission of involvement from the private to some extent. However, this decision was rejected by another decision made in the late October of the same year. This latter decision â€Å"required much deeper (50 percent) haircuts for private creditors, supplemented by an announced policy intended to build a firewall through major leveraging of the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF)† (Cline & Wolff, 2012, p.v). Subsequently, in the beginning of December the famous summit took place which provided all the member countries of the European Union (EU), except the United Kingdom for its reluctance to participate in the